As a result of the work of enterprises, institutions, human activity produces a variety of waste, which must be transported.It can be landfilled, putting them in the organization of the processing, moving between enterprises, and more.
ADR - what is it?
Transporting waste is strictly regulated by a number of legislative acts.Among them are federal laws, state standards, orders and regulations.One of the main instruments in this area is the ADR.What it is?This European agreement on the rules of the international transport of dangerous goods, concluded in Geneva in 1957.During transport may occur a variety of emergency situations: fire, explosion, spill of toxic substances that harm the environment and health of the personnel involved in transportation.
waste - dangerous goods
Why?What, for example, dangerous waste of the population?It's just junk.Meanwhile, this is the garbage belongs to the 4th class of hazard of waste to the environment.This is due to the fact that the waste as a result of decay form a liquid component of a filtrate, which, penetrating into the ground water, poisoning the drinking water extracted from artesian wells.Then the water flows into the river, thus making it unsuitable habitat of fish, crabs, shellfish and other aquatic creatures.Biodegradable waste - a great breeding ground for insects, rodents, stray dogs.
warehoused by the rules in the territory of different businesses as a result of the impact of scrap metal precipitation is oxidized.Together with rain and melted snow to penetrate the soil heavy metals.
In summary, it is clear that virtually any waste - dangerous goods.ADR regulates the transportation of goods, determine the possibility of packaging, its labeling requirements for the vehicle.This document classifies goods by hazard class.The normative act has a detailed table with the description of all the properties of the goods - flammability, toxicity, radioactivity, explosives and others.
Packaging and labeling
Each consignment must be packed and labeled.To identify dangerous cargo in containers placed square with sides not less than 10 cm. If you divided the square horizontal diagonal, then in the upper part is applied to a symbol of danger of the substance contained - flame, skull and crossbones, a sign of radiation and another, and at the bottom -his class.
Packing for cargo is selected depending on its state of aggregation.Liquid wastes are transported in tanks, drums, solid - boxes, containers, bulk - in bags.
Each vehicle is marked according to the ADR.What it is?Containers of dangerous goods is a sign of danger.It is a rectangular plate of orange, which contains information: number of the goods assigned to it in the general classification of the United Nations, the dangerous properties of the class, as well as the code of the measures to be taken in the event of an explosion, fire or the like.Danger sign is placed, as a rule, side and rear of the vehicle.It should be obvious to the rescue brigade in the event of an accident.
Transportation of goods Transportation of Dangerous Goods can be any kind of transport: the river, air, road, rail.For each type of appropriate legislation.Most often, the transport of dangerous goods by road.The Russian Ministry of Transport has approved the relevant regulations for such movements.Rules contain requirements to vehicle logs, driver.
So, for the transport of explosives and flammable goods used car with the battery removed from the fuel tank.The latter must be placed in the casing and removed from the electrical wiring, the engine in the event of damage to the fuel tank has not got on the cargo, and spilled out onto the ground.Exhaust pipe shall be made with a slope toward the front of the radiator.
To avoid static electricity the vehicle must be equipped with a grounding in the form of a chain going down on the ground 20 cm, and have a metal pin for use during the stay.
The car of the "van" body should be strong, sealed and ventilated, if necessary for the transportation of a cargo.Wooden bodywork must be flame retardants.
individual requirements for the column machines.You must keep your distance and extreme caution in conditions of poor visibility.
equipment Car
to every vehicle should have a set of tools and devices regulated by ADR.What it is?It:
- tools for emergency repairs;
- a shovel and the required amount of sand in case of fire;
- orange lights autonomous power, which are installed on the roof of the cab of a vehicle, and in the event of an accident - front of and behind the vehicle;
- chocks;
- first aid kit and tools for emergency response.
Exceptions
requirements of the legislation regarding the transport of goods must be observed in every case, although there are some exceptions:
- when the goods are carried by individuals for subsequent sale at retail or personal use only if observed measures to eliminate possibleaccidents;
- emergency transport to save human lives and nature:
- transport mechanisms and machines, which contain dangerous goods in their internal parts and equipment.But in this case it is necessary to eliminate possible leakage of hazardous substances.All of these requirements, the exemption ADR.
training
drivers involved in the transport of dangerous goods are required to be trained.Special training consists of the following items:
- learning the rules of hazard communication (labeling of goods);
- the study of the properties of dangerous goods transported;
- training techniques necessary medical assistance in case of emergencies;
- procedure in the event of accidents - fire suppression, disinfection, decontamination, report to the relevant parties (consignors and consignees).
to the driver qualification requirements, which is the presence of his continuous work experience in this transport at least three years.
driver is obliged to fill in a waybill.It should be marked "Dangerous goods".By car, you must have an emergency card with information on the possible elimination of emergency situations;an information card containing the decryption code of emergency measures.
Additional requirements for carriage
In addition to all of the above measures the vehicle must have a permit for the transportation of dangerous goods.Invited papers are issued by the Transport Supervision.List of dangerous goods, which are needed to move the resolution, determined in accordance with the ADR.Resolution is the mark of a waybill car.It can be obtained for a limited period or shipment.The license for the transportation of dangerous goods is not required.
