Blood - is a biological fluid, which provides organs and tissues with nutrients and oxygenic.However, it forms with the lymph system circulating in the body fluids.It performs a number of vital functions: nutritional, excretory, protective, respiratory, mechanical, regulatory, thermostatic.
composition of human blood varies considerably with age.It should be noted that children are very intense exchange of substances in their body so it is much more than accounts for 1 kg of body weight compared to adults.The average adult human of about five to six liters of the biological fluid.
in the blood enters the plasma (the liquid part) and forming elements (red cells, white cells, platelets).The concentration of red blood cells depends on its color.Plasma, devoid of protein (fibrinogen) is called serum.This biological fluid is slightly alkaline reaction.
biochemical composition of blood - buffer systems.The main blood buffers include bicarbonate (7% of total mass), phosphate (1%), protein (10%), hemoglobin and oksigemoglobinovaya (81%) and acid (about 1%) of the system.The plasma is dominated by bicarbonate, phosphate, protein and acidity, in the red blood cells - hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, in the hemoglobin - oksigemoglobinovaya and acid.The composition contains an acidic buffer system of organic acids (acetate, lactate, pyruvate, etc.) and their salts with strong bases.The most important are hydro and hemoglobin buffer systems.
chemical composition of the blood.Blood characterized by constant chemical composition.The plasma is 55-60% of total blood volume and 90% of water.Solids comprise organic (9%) and mineral (1%) of material.The main organic substances are proteins, most of which are synthesized in the liver.
protein composition of blood.The total content of proteins in mammalian blood ranges from 6 to 8%.There are about a hundred of protein components of the plasma.They can be divided into three fractions: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.Plasma proteins that remain after removing fibrinagena called blood serum proteins.
Albumins are involved in many transport of nutrients and biologically active substances (carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, inorganic ions, bilirubin).Involved in the regulation of water and mineral metabolism.Serum globulins were separated into three fractions of alpha-, beta- and gamma-globulins.Globulins transported fatty acids, steroid hormones, liposoluble vitamins are immune bodies.
carbohydrate composition of the blood.The plasma contains monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), glycogen, glucosamine monosaccharides phosphates and other intermediate products of carbohydrate metabolism.The bulk of the carbohydrate glucose.Glucose and other monosaccharides in the blood plasma are in free and protein-bound states.The content of linked glucose reaches 40-50% of the total carbohydrate content.Among the products of intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates isolated lactate acid content of which increases sharply after heavy physical exertion.
glucose concentration can be varied in many pathological conditions.The phenomenon of hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes, hyperthyroidism, shock, anesthesia, fever.
lipid composition of the blood.The plasma contains up to 0.7% and more lipids.Lipids are free and protein-bound states.The concentration of lipid in the plasma changes in the pathology.For example, in tuberculosis, it can reach 3-10%.
blood gases.This biofluid comprises oxygenation (oxygen), carbon dioxide, and of nitrogen in the free and bound states.Thus, for example, about 99,5-99,7% with oxygen associated with hemoglobin, and 03-0,5% is in the free state.
