War Communism - a policy that was carried out by the Soviet government during the Civil War.Then the policy of War Communism implied nationalization of large and medium industry, requisitioning, nationalization of banks, labor service, the rejection of the use of money, the state monopoly on foreign trade.In addition policies of war communism is characterized by free transport, the abolition of fees for medicine, free education, the lack of payment for utilities.One of the main features that we can characterize this policy - a fierce centralization of the economy.
When people talk about the reasons for conducting such a policy by the Bolsheviks, sometimes it comes to the fact that the policy of War Communism consistent Marxist ideology of the Bolsheviks, their ideas about the coming of communism, universal equality, and so on.However, this view is wrong.The fact that the Bolsheviks themselves in their speeches emphasized that the policy of war communism - a temporary phenomenon, and it is caused by brutal civil war.Bolshevik Bogdanov even before the establishment of the communist government, wrote that such a system arises from the conditions of war.He is the first and proposed to call such a system of War Communism.Some historians also say that the war communism - the system caused by objective factors, and similar systems found in other countries and other governments in such extreme conditions.For example, requisitioning - a system by which the farmer gave the food at prices that set the state.Quite a popular myth that the alleged requisitioning invented the Bolsheviks.In fact, even requisitioning was introduced by the tsarist government in the First World War.It turns out many of the activities of military communism - not the specific invention of socialist thought and universal means of survival economy of the state in extreme conditions.
However, the policy of War Communism and implies a phenomenon that can be attributed specifically to the socialist innovations.This, for example, free transport, the abolition of fees for medical care, free education, the lack of payment for utilities.Difficult to find examples where the state is in the most severe conditions and at the same time conducting such conversion.Though, perhaps, these activities are not only consistent with Marxist ideology, but also contributed to the growing popularity of the Bolsheviks.
keep a long time, such a policy could not, and she was not needed in peacetime.Over time, a crisis policy of War Communism, which showed constant peasant uprisings.During the Civil War, the peasants believed that all deprivation - a temporary phenomenon that after the victory of the communists will be easier to live.When the war ended, the peasants did not see the point in centralization.If the beginning of the policy of war communism associated with the year 1918, the end of war communism believe 1921 when requisitioning was abolished and in its place was introduced the tax in kind.
War Communism - a phenomenon that was caused by objective reasons, it was a forced measure was canceled when the need for it anymore.Collapsing this policy contributed to numerous peasant revolts, as well as events in Kronstadt (the uprising of sailors in 1921).We can assume that the main task of military communism executed - the state has managed to resist, to save the economy and winning the Civil War.
