Far North - a margin of North part of the territory of the former USSR, which is mainly located in the Arctic.In several remote areas subject to incentives that are set for the co-operative, state and public companies in the region.
natural conditions of the Far North
land area is about 2.2 million square kilometers.
Key features:
- radiation balance is low;
- the average temperature in the summer is close to 0 ° C (taking into account that the average annual temperature is negative);
- widespread permafrost and glaciers up to 500 meters;
- there is a small layer of seasonal thawing (not more than seventy centimeters).
Russian Far North includes the following zones: forest-tundra, tundra, taiga, and part of the arctic desert.Within the land, except for small rivers are located estuarine quite large rivers - the Ob, Pyasina, Pechora, Yenisei, Lena, Khatanga, Indigirka, Anabar, the Yana and Kolyma.Almost all of them in their downstream flow in broad valleys.Khatanga, Yenisei and Ob in the mouths form the vast bay - "lips."Rivers had a devastating impact on the permafrost.They push it to the side of the valley and gradually destroy their way.In addition, they have a moderating effect on the climate surrounding areas.The effects of river water found in the seas at a distance of two or three hundred kilometers from the mouth, affecting the ice and hydrological regime of the seas.At nine or ten months of the year the rivers freeze, some - to the bottom.The continent is melting in May and June, and in October freeze.On the islands in July - September.
within mainland tundra and on some islands there is a large number of lakes.Most of the year they are located under the ice.The largest lake of the Far North - Taimyr.It is located on the same peninsula.Far North is characterized by developed Arctic soils have close to neutral or slightly acid reaction.Restorative processes (or gleying) no.Tundra soils predominate in the tundra zone.The surface of the mainland of the Far North forms a low-lying outskirts of the West Siberian and East European Plain: Kolyma, Yana-Indigirka and the North-Siberian lowland.In some areas there are mountains.The highest and important of them - the northern part of the Verkhoyansk Range, Byrranga Mountains near Lake Taimyr and Chukotka Peninsula mountains.The structure of the mainland, the islands and the adjacent shelf participate complexes of Paleozoic, Precambrian and Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments, as well as the formation of magmatic type of varied composition.
Plants and animals of the Far North Far North
different diverse flora and fauna.However, the majority of the inhabitants related to marine waters.Small forms - is plankton, which serves food for larger organisms.
Plants of the Far North: spruce, birch, alder, rowan, dwarf birch, willows;blueberries, cloudberries, cranberries, blueberries, knyazhevika, shiksha;about 55 species of fungi;Globe, yellow buttercups, a mother-and-stepmother, dandelion, forget-me, Castile purple, dark blue gentian, cotton grass, cyanosis;more than a hundred species of lichens.
What animals inhabit the Far North?It caribou, wolf, hare, fox, wolverine, moose, marten, brown bear, ferret lemminki;geese, gulls, ducks, snipe, sandpipers, Turuhana, loons, wood sandpiper, whooper swan, Bewick's swan, osprey, red-throated diver, white-tailed eagle, crane, half snipe, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, grouse, merlin;plankton, worms, crustaceans, molluscs, fish (the most common - is the Arctic cod), walruses.
