say exactly when began the history of money, it is very problematic.In primitive times, such a concept and of the phenomenon did not exist.Relationships, like money, appeared much later, with the beginning of a process of exchange between people.
history of money is directly linked to the process of exchange and change of ownership.At the very early stage of such an exchange, which today we can consider the prototype of monetary relations, he wore casual character.At this stage of goods expressed in value by another, the opposing goods equivalent.They could act as objects, food or animals.For example, the Aztecs used as money cocoa beans.This step corresponds to a random or simple ownership.
history money has gone through several successive stages.Formation of the agricultural and pastoral tribes contributed to the exchange of goods transferred to a regular shape, and a random pattern of ownership has replaced full.This form differs from the preceding in that the exchange involved in many products that can be exchanged for various goods equivalents.
exchange became more developed.However, at this stage, the value of each individual commodity has not yet received a complete expression, because it was indefinite number of goods-equivalents.The cost was quite heterogeneous expression.Therefore, gradually began to stand out products that are at this time in the market began to be used to express the value of the unit.Gradually it has been allocated one commodity, which assumed the role of a universal equivalent.At this stage, and there was money ownership.At this time the history of money in the modern sense of the term.
At its core are the commodity nature of money, but they can not be considered a commodity.It is very specific, since performs a constant role of a universal equivalent.Any product can satisfy any one human need and has a unit cost for the consumer.Money also has a universal value of the goods (that is, can be exchanged for any other).This property is called the liquidity of money.
universal equivalent (money) had to meet several mandatory requirements: he must not deteriorate during storage, it's easy to carry, it had to be divisible without loss of overall value.
History of money on a metal base begins with the appearance of the metal.First introduced into circulation gold and silver coins were made of precious metals.The first coins appeared in Lydia in the 7th century BCThen they began to produce in Greece, Asia Minor and Italy.The most valuable coins were made of gold.
In Russia coinage was started in 9-10 centuries.The name "money" comes from the Tatar silver coin, which was called "Tenga".Since the silver ingots, used as money, if necessary, cut into parts (divisible were), then they were called then "ruble".
But full metal coins when their denomination coincides with its real value, are very expensive.Metal mining has ceased to keep up with the development of economic relations.Solving the problem was laid by the very nature of money.Gradually, the full metal money began to be replaced by the value of trademarks.That is, the amount of precious metals in coins began to decline, while their nominal value remained unchanged.
In this process, metal coins were replaced by functional form of money cheaper base metals.Eventually we got some money, made from paper.For the first time they entered the Chinese revolution in the 9th century.In Europe, they started walking around in paper form from the 15th century, completely displacing the circulation of real money.In Russia, the history of paper money began in the 18th century, they were called banknotes.
