Start printing in Europe, primarily due to the invention of paper in China.At the time of emergence of publishing no less than two-thirds of the manuscripts were created on paper raznosortnyh different quality.
The earliest information about the technical details of the publishing date from 2.BC.e.They are found in found by archaeologists in Greece (Crete) Festistkogo drive.He was made out of clay.It placed stamped or imprinted letters.Stamping method was extended to the East.
printing methods have existed at various times in various forms.The Chinese annals can find information about the blacksmith named Pi Sheng.It is between 1041 and 1048 are made of clay letters.For the same chronicles reports, blacksmith invented and typesetting cashier, where he kept the letters.However, the publication up to now have not reached.
Relying on archival and museum evidence, historians believe that the beginning of printing in Europe could be put into Egypt and Byzantium.Difficulty in confirming the theory only, since issued while no books.
Start printing in Europe is associated with many names.For example, in history there is evidence of a certain Procope Valdfogele.He had 48 letters and other metal tools.However, the books published by them did not survive.
Among other individual in history is found and Jean Brito, and the doctor Kastadi Pamphylia.About printmaker courtly king of France Nicolas Jeanson, published books in Venice and Paris, say several sources.
Closely associated with the beginning of printing in Europe, with the church altar boy from the Netherlands.His name was Lawrence Yanszon Koster.It is assumed that the secret of printing he took over from the eastern Armenian refugees.Close to the old Coster produced for their grandchildren moving letters and printed several editions.These books are preserved, but note that they made the Fire, they are not.
In many European cities, monuments to the people, to a greater or lesser extent related to typography.However, their priority in the invention of printing technology is not proven by history.The idea of the publication was able to realize more clearly in the middle of the 15th century.
According to many scientists, the merit of the invention, the publication of books on the right is assigned to Gutenberg.It is with this name is related to the start of printing in Europe.Date, which includes his first typographic experiments - 1440.At this time in Strasbourg he studied Latin grammar edition Donat, the astrological calendar of papal indulgences.After some time, he returned to his native city of Mainz, Gutenberg began work on the publication of the complete Bible.
42-line Bible in Latin, was published in the years 1453-1454.Pages of a book (of 1282) contained 42 rows arranged in two columns.Elements of furniture editions were made by hand.
After the death in 1468 Gutenberg printing continued his students.They spread the news about the invention of the master of technology publications all over Germany and then Europe.Guttenberg has created not only the first printing equipment, but also came up with a method of manufacturing a font foundry and form.In addition, it owns the idea of creating a special alloy composition to tide letters.
history of printing in Russia began with the mid-16th century.The founder of the typography was in Muscovy Ivan Fedorov.The first book (dated) - "The Apostle" - was released in 1564 by the Moscow Printing House.Over its creation he worked Fyodorov and his assistant Peter Mstislavets.By the 17th century in Russia there were several printing houses.However, until the late 18th century typographical technique has not changed much.Peter 1 change only the font - brought a civil instead of the Old Slavonic letters.
