Opening of Moscow University in 1755 was made possible thanks to the efforts of outstanding scientist, academician of the first in Russia - Mikhail Lomonosov.This establishment is considered to be the country's oldest institution of higher learning.Name University was awarded in 1940 when the institution celebrated its 185 years.
On the basis of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg in 1724 has created the school and university.Their task was to prepare the scientific staff of Russia.However, these institutions with their functions do not.Lomonosov Moscow has repeatedly proposed the establishment of the University.Formulated in a letter to Shuvalov, suggestions scientist were taken as a basis for the project of the institution.As you know, Shuvalov was to display Following Empress Elizabeth, he supported the development of Russian culture and science, patronized the many initiatives of Mikhail Lomonosov.
acquainted with the draft of the new educational institution, Elizabeth January 25, 1755 signed a decree on the basis thereof.Opening of the Moscow University was held May 7, 1755.On the same day Elizabeth celebrated the anniversary of his coronation.Since then, these days have become part of the history of the institution.Opening of Moscow University celebrated student celebrations.Days of Science student creativity and Annual Conference "Lomonosov Readings" is also timed to this event.
According to the plan of its creator, the opening of the Moscow State University began with the formation of three departments: medical, legal and philosophical.Started training for all students in the Faculty of Philosophy.They received basic training in the humanities and natural sciences.Further, young people can continue their education, specializing in the same faculty or meters by clicking on the legal or medical.In the Moscow University was not provided for the Faculty of Theology, in contrast to European universities.This is due to Russia applied in the preparation of the special orthodox ministers, which included lectures, both in Latin and in Russian.
different democratic State University student and professorial staff.This fact largely contributed to the wide dissemination among them of advanced ideas in the field of science and society.The University could do comes from anyone other than serfs class.In this case, the education system was based on the example of Western European educational institutions, in which the principle of estates was over long ago.
Opening of Moscow University required a certain cost.State allocations cover the costs only partially.In addition, in the early development of the institution from the students is no charge, and subsequently by her to get rid of poor students.Management has been forced to look for different sources of additional revenue, even resorting to commercial activities.Great contribution to the development of the university is making patrons (Stroganov, Demidov, Dashkova).They passed for the needs of the institution purchased equipment, books, collections, announced the student scholarships.The University established a tradition for which Professor bequeathed their private collections library.
Moscow University is a leader in the promotion and dissemination of scientific knowledge.Lectures of teachers and students' debates were open to the public.The next year after the founding of the institution on its base was opened a bookshop and printing house.Thus began the domestic book publishing.At the same time, first saw the light of the non-governmental newspaper "Moscow News".From January 1760 he started a literary magazine produced (the first in the capital) "Useful amusement".
