her a 200 million years old.It is as old as the world.It is fabulously beautiful and terribly disgusting.It is able to kill and to be saved from death.All of this - about mold or molds.
What significance has mold in our lives?What nature has created molds?After all, they really disgust.But because of them, or rather, penicillin, were saved hundreds of thousands wounded during the Second World War, and after the end of the antibiotic miracle for many years to become firmly established in medicine as the main weapon in the fight against infectious diseases.
very well spoke about the achievements of microbiology in this direction in the film "Mould".Moulds - a form of life that unites organisms that combine the features of both plants and animals.Group living organisms has 100,000 species, but scientists have described so far only 5% of them.Moulds present absolutely everywhere: in the air, on land, in the water.
a long time they were considered plants.The structure of the fungi, their ability to reproduce and grow (and unlimited), the presence of the cell wall, unable to move - all properties of plants.However, there is no chlorophyll in fungi, and therefore they have no photosynthetic ability, that is a distinguishing characteristic of the plant.Type of food they heterotrophic, the basis of the cell wall - chitin, urea is used in the exchange.In other words, the molds, the structure and method of supply are similar to animals.However, there is a distinctive feature, which does not allow to classify the mushrooms to the animal world: in the intercellular septum perforation and dikaryons phase.As a result of much debate and speculation mushrooms become independent, separate species.
Moulds, in turn, are divided into many types: penicillium spp., Aspergillus, moniliaceae, dematiaceae, fusarium, acremonium, onychocola canadensis.
molds are distributed over the air (microscopic spores).Spore, once a suitable medium with a specific moisture and temperature grows and forms necks, which in turn form the mycelium.This is what we call a mold.Externally, we can see it in the form of dark spots on the damp walls.
you've seen moldy bread?Small black dots are sporganiyami.In one such point contains about 50,000 spores.In just a few days a dispute reproduces millions of their kind!
eating mold?It secretes enzymes that break down molecules into simple compounds that are subsequently absorbed.Since mold can not walk, she lives in the food itself, and also absorbs.It can be dangerous for the body, if its spores are ingested or inhaled.However, its properties may be useful.
antibacterial properties of green mold was opened in 1928, microbiologist Alexander Fleming.Fungus, called penicillium notatum, kills bacteria, while remaining harmless to animals and humans.It was this discovery and was the impetus for the production of penicillin.Mould received application in the production of drugs used in the treatment of migraine, thrombophlebitis, Parkinson's disease.
But its application is not limited.Famous cheeses (brie, Danish blue, Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola) owes its characteristic taste is mold or edible molds.It can be said about soy sauce, salami, beer.
successfully used it in the wine.Grapes, which formed the right amount of mold is used for making fine wines.It increases the concentration of sugar makes the wine more intense.
But the useful properties of the mold does not make it less dangerous.Assyrians in VI century BCergot used as a biological weapon, poisoning water wells.Fungus appears on the spikelets of rye, causes people cramps, itching, hallucinations, gangrene.
Moulds omnipresent and omnivorous.They found even in seemingly clean air.With good immunity, we are able to resist the destructive disputes.Immune deficiency may give rise to the proliferation of fungi in our body that can cause serious illness, even death.
Remember the series of mysterious deaths of scientists who studied the tomb of Tutankhamun?Press exploded when the headings "Curse of Tutankhamun", presenting readers the full horror and mystery story.Much later it became clear that the perpetrators of the tragedy began to mold fungi, the most dangerous species - aspergillus niger.
"Curse of Tutankhamun" can be found in our time.This dangerous fungus settles in our homes: in the bathroom, the toilet, in basements, damp walls.Mad cow disease and avian flu is much inferior to the danger of this fungus.For example, some statistics.In Paris in 2004 by this fungus people died in two times greater than in the world of bird flu.
Moulds grow on any surface.Scientists have managed to find them, even rocket fuel.This is the only micro-organism reproduce sexually.The colonies live both sexes.According to scientists, molds do not die even in the event of a global catastrophe.
relation of man to mold almost always neglect.Some may cut off the affected portion of bread it or remove it from the jam and eat the remaining, not even knowing how dangerous it is! .. Moldy product should not be eaten.Cutting the affected area will not solve the problem because the entire product is already infected.It is impossible to live where mold lives.
knowledge on the hazards of mold does not have to enter you into a panic.Oddly enough, but the main reason for the rapid development of epidemics lies in fear.The brain sends an impulse to fear the body, the cells begin to "fear", produces cortisol, a hormone called death.Secure it can only be stormy positive emotions.Without mold the world could not live.In nature there is no excess, each item is a link in an infinitely long line.And in order for us to remember how fragile this world, nature has given us a reminder of how blessing and a curse at the same time.And his name - mold ...
