history of the computer associated with the names of prominent scientists who confidently went to his goal - to facilitate the processing of human activities with the help of machines.
history of computers.Counting machines
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662).For several years, the young scientist has developed more than fifty models of computing machines, trying to help his father considered taxes.In 1645 he created the "Pascaline", which performs addition and subtraction.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) proposed a calculating machine, which he called the adding machine.She carried out all arithmetic operations.
Charles Babbage (1792-1872) - the first software-controlled machine was almost finished and consisted of two parts, calculate and print.He advanced the idea of long-term computer memory and processor.Assistant scientist Augusta Ada Lovelace has developed the world's first computer program.
history of computers.New ideas, new inventions.
Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - invented in 1888 by a tab - adding machine with an electric switch.Punch cards used in the development of Jaccard.
By 1900 years into mass production came mechanical calculators and later electromechanical.
Forest - in 1906 - the creation of a three-electrode vacuum tube (triode).This discovery will subsequently trigger the creation of a computer.
Konrad Zuse (Germany), invented in 1938 a new mechanical machine to process information in binary code.In 1941 he appeared on the basis of electromechanical relays, which is considered the first computer program upravlyamym.She do arithmetic, including floating point.
John Mauchly and Presper Eckert - in 1946 in Pennsylvania developed the first computer.It was called ENIAC, was the automatic control program.
John von Neumann (1903-1957) - mathematician who formulated the principle of "stored program".
1949 - Cambridge University - a new English EDSAK had all the components of modern electronic computers.
history of computers.The first Soviet.
In 1951 there was a SECM (small electronic computing machine), which was developed by scientists under the leadership of Lebedev in a laboratory near Kiev.Then were invented and others, the best of which in the sixties was considered a computer "M-20" (set up under the leadership of SA Lebedev), who served twenty thousand operations per second.
History of computers.From generation to generation.
computers of the first generation (50-60 years of the twentieth century).The main element - electronic lamp.A large amount of (occupied an area of 170 square meters) and the weight of the vehicle (30 tons).In terms of the inventors determined the basic components of a computer: the processor, memory, input-output devices.
computers of the second generation (60-65 years of the twentieth century).Element base - semiconductor transistors.The amount of memory (magnetic Hearts) has increased 32 times, speed increased by 10 times.Reduce the size and weight of vehicles, increase their reliability.Developed new programming languages are important: Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, which made it possible dalneysheesovershenstvovanie programs.During this period, generated input-output processor starts using operating systems.
third-generation computers ((1965-1970) changed element base transistors on integrated circuits. Significantly reduced the size of computers, their value. Now you can use several programs on a single machine. Actively developing programming.
fourth-generation computers(1970-1984 gg.) Change the element base - on a single chip tens of thousands of items. Significant expansion of the user base.
further history of the development of computers and ICT is linked to the improvement of microprocessors, development of microcomputers, which can hold individuals. Steve Wozniak developed the firstmass home computer, and then - the first personal computer.
