word "biotic" (from the Greek - biotikos) translates to life.It is important to the concept of "biotic factors".In the most general form, this represents a scientific category set of conditions and parameters of the living environment that directly affect the vital activity of organisms.The famous Soviet scientist and zoologist VN Beklemishev classified all biotic component into four main groups:
- topical factors - those associated with changes in the environment itself;
- trophic - these are the factors that characterize the conditions of food organisms;
- fabricheskie - factors that characterize fabricheskie communications, in which the body of the form used by the body of another species (or their parts or waste products) as a building material;
- foricheskie - associated with the movement of organisms of one kind of organism of another species.
As a rule, the action of these factors are discussed in the form of interactions between organisms in this environment, and the impact that they have on each other.An important manifestation of the action of biotic factors in favor how all organisms are collectively affect the environment.This effect is more narrowly describe biotic environmental factors.
Throughout the set of interactions between organisms, saturating environment, are the relations that can be divided into direct and indirect.In addition, the distinguished relations intraspecific and interspecific.In the first case, we consider the interaction and its consequences among the same species, which are characterized by intra-group competition and events, and mass effects.Interspecies relationships tend to be very diverse and reflect the extremely wide range of interactions.These relationships, because of their diversity, are classified in the following types:
- neutrality - this type of relationship in which the biotic factors determines a completely neutral (do not bring any benefit or harm) the interaction between organisms;
- sinoykiya - this type of relationship in which a representative of one type of another body uses everything for their homes, without giving a specific harm.This type is also called kvartirantstvom or cohabitation;
- competition - a purely antagonistic relationships that occur between organisms in a specific habitat and interacting with one another and with that environment.There is a direct struggle for "a place under the sun" for food, shelter, and other resources;
- mutualism - type of interspecific relationships in which the biotic factor causes only "mutually beneficial" co-existence of organisms;
- protocooperation is a type of relationship in which the body, at least for some time, can live without each other without any damage to its existence;
- when Commensalism biotic factor provides such interaction between organisms in which one uses the other as a home without causing significant harm.An example may make the bacteria present in large numbers in the gastrointestinal tract of humans;
- amensalizm - type of interspecies relations, characterized by such an interaction in which the harm caused by one organism to another, he is indifferent;
- a kind of relationship in which the organisms that live at the expense of other organisms that are harmful to the latter, called parasitism;
- predation.
As a rule, all kinds of antagonistic relationships ensure the preservation and maintenance of populations of species in their numbers.
