Almost every schoolboy knows that the cycling of matter in the biosphere, accompanied by the transformation of energy is the basis of existence of nature and everything connected with it.Very schematically, this cycle is as follows.Naturally occurring organisms consume large amounts of mineral resources of the same nature, and after the death, in the form of various chemical elements are returned in the same environment, thereby forming, circulation of substances in the biosphere.This process is called biogenic processes, and place the flow of his act the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere.Cyclical and repeatable phenomena transformation of substances in the different cycles led to the name - the cycle.
Almost without exception, living organisms are involved in this cycle.For example, green plants consume in the air, carbon dioxide, minerals and release oxygen into the environment.
Fauna breathe the same oxygen, which is released by plants, and eating these plants, absorb and recycle organic matter.Additionally, after death of plants and animals, their remains are processed by various bacteria to form carbon dioxide and conversion of organic compounds and minerals.Then
circulation of substances in the biosphere - and the process of turning movement of substances continues in the soil, where the minerals fall, and then, in turn, absorbed by the flora.To summarize this cycle at the atomic level, it should be a fairly simple conclusion - the atoms of some of the most basic chemicals make continuous process of migration not only from one organism to another, but from one type of environment to another - consistently present in the soil, atmosphere andhydrosphere.
number of such cycles is practically infinite, for example, estimated that the atmospheric oxygen in its full extent only two thousand years with little passes through living organisms.The same movement and makes carbon dioxide, only then cycle lasts less time - only 200-300 years.As part of this process, which is the cycling of matter in the biosphere, the only one cycle of treatment is called biogeochemical cycles.
What determined this cycle?Unfortunately, comprehensive, and most importantly, full of answers to this question is no.It can be reliably argued that one of the reasons appears to resource constraints of our planet.Others answer can serve as a support to the teaching of the great Vernadsky about the biosphere, which asserts the existence of space traffic, which caused not only by the cycling of matter, but also the change management content creation.It is recognized that all types of cycles, as we did not localize them in space and time, have one thing in common for all of their property.All of these processes are associated with energy metabolism.Initially, as the basis of circulation, solar energy acts.Then, it is transformed into a different kind of energy, chemical and physical transformations, and therefore can talk about the cycle of the energy potential, a prisoner in the biosphere.Stability and biological processes of energy circulation is the main condition for a normal and stable state of the biosphere.
As already mentioned, one of the most "active members" of the circuit is carbon.The presence of this element in almost all organic matter logically explains the carbon cycle in the biosphere.In the process of photosynthesis of carbon assimilated by biosphere zones plants and converted into carbohydrates.When breathing organisms the process is reversed, and the result in the carbon cycle spent its huge reserves.The basic factors that determine the treatment of carbon are breathing and photosynthesis.
also an essential element of all organic substances is nitrogen.It is a necessary component to contain ATP, proteins, nucleic acids.Nitrogen is contained primarily in the atmosphere, and its molecular formula is not directly allows plants to use it.Therefore, plants take in the form of inorganic nitrogen compounds.The ways in which the nitrogen flows into the ground or water, are different, so the nitrogen cycle is varied in the biosphere.For example, some of the nitrogen compounds formed in the atmosphere during thunderstorms.With the rain or run-off they go to the river, soil, lake, where then absorbed by plants.
As can be seen, in all cases, living organisms are the basis for the formation of the circuit of substances in the biosphere.
