Promotion plants on land accompanied by a number aromorphoses (qualitative evolutionary changes), one of which was the emergence of differentiated organs - shoot and root.This vegetative organs of plants involved in all important life processes of the body other than sexual reproduction (for it meet the generative organs).Their main functions are nutrition and metabolism with the outside world.Living plants simultaneously in two environments - the atmosphere and the lithosphere - it is associated with the need to develop and soil, and air.With each of these mediums interact special bodies.
vegetative organs of higher plants are divided into underground (root) and above-ground (shoots).Using the root of a plant fixed in the soil, absorb moisture and nutrients from it, accumulating them and transported to escape, and in some cases carried out cloning.Modification of roots are root tubers (Jerusalem artichoke, dahlia), root vegetables (beets, carrots), the roots-props (pandanus, banyan), aerial roots (orchids), breathing roots (taksodium), root-suckers (ivy).Initially, the vegetative organs were designed for mineral nutrition, but in some cases they perform the most unusual features.Aerial roots of some orchids stockpile atmospheric moisture, while taksodiuma perform respiratory function.Many epiphytes they hang in the air, thanks to the presence of chlorophyll have a green color and are involved in photosynthesis.
The main function of the escape - carbon food.In contrast to the root, it is a complex organ consisting of separate interrelated parts - stem, leaves and buds.In this regard, the escape is sometimes seen as a special system that includes separate but related parts.Some sources can meet even the claim that the stem, leaves and buds - this is also the vegetative organs of plants.Shoots are vegetative (leafy) and generative (bearing leaves, flowers and fruits).
base of the shoots is a stem, which communicates between the roots and foliage, supports the generative organs and transports water and dissolved nutrients.Sometimes the stem is involved in vegetative propagation, and at a young age - and in photosynthesis.Sheet functions as photosynthesis, transpiration, gas exchange, storing materials and vegetative reproduction.Kidney - is rudimentary escape.
during ontogeny (individual development) vegetative organs of plants may undergo profound changes in the structure (metamorphosis).This may be due to the specific characteristics of climate for survival in which some parts of plants change their original functions.For example, in the arid habitats of many species of leaves transformed into thorns or scales to reduce the evaporating surface.At stem succulents (African euphorbias, cacti) fleshy stem - is vodozapasayuschy and photosynthetic organ, which in the axils of leaves undeveloped grow shorter shoots with bunches of thorns.Pitcher plants (drosophyllum, pinguicula, sundew) leaves are converted into real traps that passive or active way to capture insects.Some vines (Passiflora, grapes) stalks are transformed into climbing organs (antennae) - is also a metamorphosis.
Vegetative plant organs are involved in asexual reproduction, which is the formation of a young body of any part of the parent.This method of reproduction is common everywhere in the wild and is actively used in crop production.At the same time used as specialized organs (roots, bulbs, tubers, stolons) and mainstream (stems, leaves).
In lower plants vegetative organs is all their body, for example, fungal mycelium.
