digestion of food - it is a complex process that reduces the splitting of large molecules of protein, fat and hydrocarbons into monomers, which are easily absorbed by cells of the body.In different parts of the digestive tract decompose various compounds which are then absorbed intestinal mucosa and spread throughout the body.Digestion begins in the mouth.
Before considering how the digestion in the mouth, you should at least briefly acquainted with its structure.
Structure oral
The anatomy of the oral cavity are divided into two divisions:
- buccal cavity (the space between the lips and teeth);
- Actually mouth (limited to teeth, bone and diaphragm air cavity);
Each element of the mouth has its own function and is responsible for the processing of certain foods.
teeth are responsible for the machining of solid food.With the help of canines and incisors man bites food, small molars then it crushes.Function molars reduced to rubbing products.
Language - is a big muscular body, which is attached to the bottom of the oral cavity.Language involved not only in food processing, but in the process of speech.Moving, the muscular body of powdered food mixes with saliva and forms a bolus.Furthermore, it is located in the tissues language gustatory, thermal, and mechanical pain receptors.
salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands are located in the mouth via the duct.Their main function - the production and excretion of saliva, which is essential for digestion.Functions of saliva following:
- Digestive (saliva contains enzymes, with the help of which the splitting of carbon);Protective
- (saliva contains lysozyme, which has strong antibacterial properties. Also, in the saliva include immunoglobulins and coagulation factors. Saliva protects the oral cavity from drying);
- excretory (saliva released substances such as urea, salts, alcohol, some drugs);
Digestion in the mouth: the mechanical phase
in the mouth can enter the most diverse food and, depending on its consistency it either immediately goes into the esophagus during the act of swallowing (drinks, liquid food), or pass machiningwhich facilitates further the processes of digestion.
As already mentioned, with the help of food teeth grind.Movement of language needed to mix with saliva, chewed food.Under the influence of saliva softens food and enveloped with mucus.Mucin, which is contained in the saliva, takes part in the formation of the bolus, which subsequently goes into the esophagus.
Digestion in the mouth: the enzymatic phase
The composition of saliva are also included and some enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of polymers.The oral cavity is split carbons, which continues in the small intestine.
Saliva contains an enzyme complex called ptyalin.Under their influence decays to disaccharides polysaccharides (mainly, it maltose).Subsequently maltose influenced by another enzyme cleaved to the monosaccharide glucose.
The longer the food is in the mouth and lends itself digested, the easier it is happening in all the other digestion departments herbal tract.That is why doctors always recommend as long as possible to chew food.
This digestion in the mouth ends.Bolus passes on and getting to the root of the language starts swallowing reflex process in which food passes into the esophagus and further into the stomach.
To summarize, in the oral cavity occurring processes such as milling, cooking, the analysis of its palatability, wet with saliva, and the mixing of the primary decomposition of carbohydrates.
