as chemical phenomenon Photosynthesis is a process in which organic compounds are formed by reacting water and carbon dioxide.An essential condition is that the process flow of the light, with the direct participation of photosynthetic substances.For flora such substances are chlorophyll, bacteria - bacteriochlorophyll.
This reaction by nature is multi-stage and the quantum nature.Multistage manifested in the fact that in the course of photosynthesis processes occur sequentially reception, conversion and use of accepted quantum of light energy.One such transformation is the transformation of carbon dioxide into organic matter.A process in which there are high power and ATP molecule compounds called light phase of photosynthesis.The main factor for the condition, and the flow of this phase is the presence of light energy.Mechanism to ensure such a transformation as the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis can be schematically represented as follows.Chlorophyll, which is located in the membranes of plant chloroplasts absorbs light fluxes of solar energy.Then this energy contributes to the connection elements of phosphoric acid with elements of molecules of ATP and ADP.However, this work does not end with the energy of light.Apart from the impact on the process of fusion molecules, this energy makes it possible to carry out the reaction of splitting water elements.Here, the light phase of photosynthesis flows in a reaction 2H20 = 4H + + 4e- + O2.As you can see, the result of this reaction appears liberated oxygen, which is then free-form simply enters the natural environment.
next stage, in which the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is realized, is the activation of chlorophyll molecules.During this process, under the influence of light quanta of the chlorophyll molecule the electron moves to a higher level in the electronic structure of the molecule.Catalysts and electron carriers that are the elements of chloroplast proteins.Passing through a sequence of data carrier proteins, chlorophyll molecule the electron is forced to lose their energy, and she spent on the maintenance of redox molecules of ATP.
lost their way, and the elements of its energy (electrons), chlorophyll molecules are reduced by the addition of electrons, which are the result of the flow already mentioned above cleavage of the water molecule.Formed hydrogen in the process of cleavage is synthesized with another substance which is capable of performing its role conveyor within the chloroplast.
Plants, of course, exist in dark conditions, ie when the flow of light energy available.Therefore it occurs and dark phase of photosynthesis, which is carried out in the space confined between the shell and the thylakoids chloroplast.For this phase of the light energy is not needed, and the reaction itself consists of a process of successive transformation of molecules of carbon dioxide entering their air.The result of such transformations performs formation of glucose molecules, especially, and other organic compounds.Such compounds include amino acids, nucleotides, and all known glycerol.
Furthermore phase separation of photosynthesis, science is considered a natural process of classification by type.The main ones are C3 photosynthesis, and C4 photosynthesis, which produce, respectively, three and chetyrehuglerodnye compound.
