the first part of the name of something - a device, material or product - most accurately and clearly reflect their essence.Then comes the period of reflection and comes a new name, scientific, in which it is clear "worldly" sense goes into oblivion.Once the aluminum has the name of alumina, ie,"Clay land", and clay, as is known, are the primary land.Now so called alumina.And to replace existed previously name "Alumina" by a new name - the "Aluminium" - beautiful, enigmatic and scientifically.Legend of the first advent of aluminum, has a sad ending: master, presented Emperor Tiberius a wonderful cup of hitherto unknown metal to keep a gift in the single copy, just in case, cut off his head - found someone to give.In those days, in the beginning of our era, privacy issues were solved fundamentally, and gratitude for the skill was also peculiar.Whatever it was, but only fifteen centuries Paracelsus found that alumina (alum) used to fix the colors in fabrics and leathers, it contains metal oxide unknown.
pure metal managed to get only in 1825, Danish scientist Oersted as a side effect of their research was "a piece of metal similar to tin," but the work did not continue.However, by the middle of the XIX century aluminum - silver, light, easy to process metal - valued more than gold.The properties of aluminum especially appreciated jewelers.On it was the fashion, and the exhibition in Paris in 1855, aluminum products exhibited alongside the French crown with diamonds.As is known, demand drives offers, so production technology received a boost to development.And by the mid-twentieth century it was the usual aluminum is widely used in engineering material, and physical properties of aluminum have already been well studied.
Technologies of industrial aluminum production
basis for the production of aluminum is electrolysis and the raw material is dissolved in molten cryolite, aluminum oxide Al2O3.For the electrolysis bath is used, the operating temperature of which slightly less than 1000 ° C.Liquid aluminum is collected at the bottom of the bath - a cathode installation.Pour it into the form and receive bullion or ingots - the raw material for further processing.
change properties of aluminum in the desired manner by means of dopants.Thus seeking greater strength, hardness, heat resistance, etc.with a focus on the specific application.Alloying materials for various alloys - copper, manganese, zinc, magnesium, and (in small amounts), silicon, iron, nickel and others. Added to the melt during the final manufacture of the finished product desired.
basic physical with voystva aluminum
Any material characterized by a set of physical and chemical properties that determines its subsequent use.The properties of aluminum - flexibility, low specific weight, good thermal and electrical conductivity - known to all.
- density of aluminum - 2,710 kg / m3
- Melting point - 660 ° C
- Boiling point - 2519 ° C
- electrical resistivity - 2.7 * 10-8 ohm m / sq mm.
terms of use in electrical undisputed interest are the magnetic properties of aluminum, which he refers to a group of paramagnetic substances weakly magnetic substances.This class of materials characterized by the fact that its magnetic field under the influence of an external field coincides with it in the direction, and, though very slightly, but enhanced.
The use of aluminum
value of the material determines the demand for its products.Aluminum demand in the first place as a construction material.The ease of processing and corrosion resistance allow the use of aluminum products in construction, engineering, for the manufacture of heat, food and other equipment.Aluminium - is the main construction material of aviation.More and more are widely used aluminum alloys for shipbuilding - hulls, communications, superstructure, various ship equipment.It is widely used in industry and everyday life silumin and duralumin - corrosive aluminum alloys with copper - up to 7% or silicon - up to 14%.
slightly inferior electrical conductivity of aluminum copper, but aluminum is much easier and cheaper, and this is due to its wide application in electrical engineering.At the same time the basic properties of the aluminum for such use - a small electrical resistance, weight, and low cost.Increasingly in electrical equipment, which recently completely dominated exclusively copper conductors, used aluminum windings of transformers, inductors, reactors, "core" cables and others. Trunk power line also owes much is aluminum.
There is no doubt that this wonderful metal has not yet revealed all its possibilities - is to be done in the future.
