is well known that the simplest, and therefore probably a common phenomenon in nature, exhibiting energy metabolism, body heat is when friction.These processes are all around us everywhere.Heat transfer is present in mechanical, chemical, electrical, biological and other dynamic changes.Heat transfer plays an important role in the existence of organic life.Even this variety of manifestations flows logically conclude that these phenomena can be both beneficial and harmful, despite what problem is solved by a researcher or inventor.That is, in some cases, to get rid of heat required to create the necessary conditions for the work of any instrument, device or machine.
address these challenges adiabatic process, which is a kind of a thermodynamic process in which no exchange of heat energy of the system with the environment.The very name of this phenomenon in the Greek language talks about nature - adiabatic or, as it is called, adiabatic means "impassable".
The ancient scholars were interested in these events, but truly scientific study of nature from the 17th century, when they were first formulated theoretical propositions derived on the basis of experimental work.Among the first scientists who studied the adiabatic process, should be called Guericke, Robert Boyle, Edme Mariotte.The latter two were the first theorists in this area, formulating a well-known Boyle's law.The first experimental work in this area carried out on gas, so a large part of the laws that characterize the adiabatic process, fall into this medium.Later, the scope of research has been greatly expanded, and today adiabatic phenomena studied in a variety of media, including at the level of nanotechnology.
before us adiabatic process has the following nature and mechanism of its manifestation.If conventional thermodynamic phenomena peculiar presence heat exchange, which is obtained as a result of various dynamic interactions with the environment, in this case, such an exchange does not occur.
There is a way mathematically reflect adiabatic process, formula, which in this case will vary according to the variety of the process.
general formula reflecting this phenomenon is as follows: A = -VU, where A - a work that is performing this physical system, VU - the amount of change in its internal energy.
There are several varieties of adiabatic processes:
- adiabatically-Helmholtz accomplished single exposure as a result of which the thermal performance remains unchanged only the volume of the mixture (V).Operation (A), as seen from the formula in this case will be equal to zero;
- adiabatically-isobaric compression test is characterized by a mixture of gas, that is, its volume is reduced and the value of the work is negative;
- adiabatically, has reverse isothermal properties with respect to the former and is characterized by an increase in volume (ie the extension of the body), and the importance of the work becomes positive.
There are examples of adiabatic processes, which are implemented in all kinds of natural phenomena, as well as man-made mechanisms and devices.Thus, their presence is observed in the propagation of sound in the gas.And the atmosphere of the Earth is an adiabatic scale process in which over gases that make it kind of work performed, increases their potential energy.This theory is now extended to other astronomical objects.
Considered processes are present in all the heat the machinery: locomotives, diesel locomotives, internal combustion engines and others, where necessary to eliminate the transfer of heat.
