Among the "eternal" the school curriculum in physics section "fluctuations" perhaps the most nostalgic - always remember about him with some warm sadness.Hardly anyone ever remembering this topic, does not see in the first place, tick-tock, tik- so ... the pendulum - "serious" unit of the cabinet of physics.However, laboratory pendulum "ticking", but its classic medieval views always seem to say, rocking, his eternal tick-tock, tik- so ... "Do not think of seconds down."The task of these unpretentious-looking instruments - demonstrate that it is - oscillation.
we understand the world, and we see how much it means around us is simple and uncomplicated action.Swing - that Foucault pendulum and the clock, and electricity, radio, TV, sound from the speaker and favorite mobilka - a whole crowd of oscillatory systems.Well, then, let us recall what was taught in school - the amplitude of oscillation, formulas, graphs.So vibrations ... what is it?
all that surrounds us, is "material points", which, for some reason, can not sit still.In this chaos, the diversity of movements called oscillations of the process by which a material point, sometimes called the system always returns to its equilibrium position when it deviates from it repeatedly.The value of the maximum deviation from the equilibrium point is called the amplitude of the oscillations.The best instrument to demonstrate the mechanical vibrations, of course, is good old pendulum - the load (ball, disc or rod), suspended by a thread.Fix it still - and here is the state of equilibrium.Take the load to the side and let go of what you see?That's right, it will start its "tick-tock": return to the equilibrium position, deflected in a different direction, then again return to the equilibrium position.If the pendulum is nothing to prevent, he restless, again deflected to the side ... and so continuously until, because of the friction force, he did not stop.
It just so happened that any object with a mass, size and other features, must contain a set of features that can be uniquely describe this "material point" so that its behavior from the interaction with the environment was predictable, logical and understandable.These are the characteristics of the pendulum oscillation amplitude and period.Other frequently used parameters - derived from the original, they are an integral part of their (phase) or the result of other calculations (frequency).
next step is studying the fascinating world of vibrations - a simple experiment to determine the parameters of our object - the pendulum.The device is the pendulum simply nowhere - yarn ball, the point of suspension.How to find the amplitude of the oscillations of a pendulum?Yes, so just to experience this, as they say, and the kitchen could do.All easily (within certain limits).The original problem: there is a pendulum suspended from the ceiling - a metal disc on the thread.We are interested in the deviation from the equilibrium position the disc.When stationary pendulum makes a mark on the wall in terms of balance, or set back the paper screen.Push the drive.The pendulum starts to oscillate and the shadow of the disc will "paint" the path on the screen.Moving the stick (you can pencil) on the screen, we find the last point when the shadow at fluctuations in the extreme point of closing our index, and make the mark.The distance from the point of balance to the mark and is the oscillation amplitude of the pendulum.True, it is easy?And who would doubt.
course, you can "modernize" the experiment with electronic twists with photo sensors or use a laser distance meter to measure up to some attractive figures after the decimal point, but nothing can change its essence - measured the maximum deviation of the pendulum from the positionequilibrium, i.e.measured amplitude.The work we have the experience to easily discover one "secret" of the pendulum - the amplitude of oscillations depends on the initial conditions, ie,in fact, the strength of the first shock, which disrupted the equilibrium state, or the initial energy, reported oscillatory system, when the pendulum is deflected by an angle from the equilibrium position.
