Climatic zones of the Earth were formed under the influence of several major factors, which include the amount of heat, moisture and radiation in the atmosphere, as well as the dynamics of air masses.According to the adopted classification, all the air masses that determine the nature of the climate, are divided into four types: arctic, temperate, tropical and equatorial.Based on the nature of the surface over which the air masses are formed, they are further divided into the continental and marine.
climatic zones of Russia, as well as the entire planet, designated in accordance with the names of the air masses.Some names added the prefix "sub", if the air mass in the region seasonally replace each other.
Except equatorial all climatic zones are in the North and in the Southern Hemisphere.Russia has a huge territory with different types of climate, since the nature of the surface, humidity, temperature, background radiation vary significantly in different parts of the country.
characteristic climatic zones Russia:
1. Arctic Belt - Arctic coast of Siberia and in the nearby islands, except for the southern islands of the Barents Sea.The coldest of all the zones.Here comes the sun's heat is very small, and during the long polar night, it is not at all.The average winter temperature - minus 30-35 degrees in the summer - from zero to plus five.The sun's heat in the summer is spent mostly on the melting of ice and snow, as well as a partial heating of cold air that comes from the ocean.The weather at this time of the year is rainy and overcast.
Precipitation, except for small areas, not so great - from 200 to 300 mm per year.
Separate multiple areas of Arctic climate zone:
- vnutriarkticheskaya, with the long and harsh polar night;
- Siberian - the coldest of all the coastal zones;
- Pacific - the average of the severity of the zone;
- Atlantic - the most warm and windy.
Within the Arctic tundra climate zones are formed, and the Arctic wilderness.
2. subarctic zones - includes the southern islands of the Barents Sea, Western Siberia, the East European Plain and northeast Russia to 60 degrees north latitude.In this zone there is a seasonal change of air flow.The severity of the winters, and gradually increases to the east.On the Kola Peninsula, the average winter -7 -12 ... and on the Pacific coast is already -12 ... -18 degrees.
Summer a little warmer and longer than in the Arctic zone.The average temperature reaches 10 degrees.The amount of annual precipitation higher: an average of 400 - 450 mm.
in subarctic zone also produce a Siberian climate zone, the Pacific and Atlantic.There are formed forest-tundra climates, Siberian taiga and northern woodlands.
3. Temperate zone - the main territory of the country's European part, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East.If you compare the climatic zones of Russia, here we meet the greatest variety of weather conditions.
From the northern border zone to the south gradually increased dryness of the climate and reduced rainfall, and from west to east can be found repeated climatic zones: the continental temperate continental and sharply continental monsoon.This is due to the circulation of air masses in the temperate zone.
Everywhere present seasonal weather changes.Mainly low temperatures in winter and summer is quite warm.Changes in temperature increase in a sharply continental climate.The most humid and cool climate type - monsoon and the smoothest of all - continental.
Successive climatic zones of Russia can be almost fully met in the mountains as mountain climate is significantly different from all the others.It dramatically increases the variability of the weather, and over short distances neighbor completely different temperatures, windy and damp.The farther south and up the mountain, the more diverse their microclimate.
