children inherited from her parents passed certain genes.As you know, the younger generation "takes" from the older form of the face, especially the head, hands, hair color, etc.).For the transfer of traits from parents to children in the body responds this substance as deoxyribonucleic acid.This unique material provides information about the nature of the biological variability.It is supplied in coded form.It keeps chromosome.
in human cells contain twenty-three pairs of such structural and functional units as chromosomes.In each of these "duets" contains two absolutely identical structural and functional unit.The difference is that these pairs are different from each other.Chromosomes are numbered forty-five and forty-six is sexual.This duo is the same only in girls, in men as they are different.All structural and functional units, with the exception of sex, are called "autosomes."It should be noted that chromosomes at most composed of elements such as proteins.They are different in appearance, some of them are more subtle, the other - slightly shorter than the others, but each of them has twins.Chromosome set (or, as it is called, karyotype) is a human genetic structure, which is responsible for the transmission of heredity.Consider these structural and functional units under the microscope best during cell division (metaphase).During this period, the chromosomes are formed of a substance such as chromatin, and is already beginning to acquire a certain amount, ieploidy.
As noted above, the human cell has twenty-three pairs of important structural and functional elements.In living organisms own individual ploidy.
haploid and diploid set of chromosomes.The concept is defined as the ploidy number of chromosome sets in the cells (mostly) in the nucleus.In living organisms, the chromosomes can be paired and unpaired.Human cells formed diploid set of chromosomes, the esti double.Such a set of structural and functional elements characteristic of all somatic cells.It is worth noting that each human diploid chromosome set consists of a 44-autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.Haploid sets of chromosomes is a single set of unpaired structural and functional elements of germ cells.This set contains twenty-two autosomes and only one sex chromosome.Haploid and diploid number of chromosomes can be present at one and the same time.It occurs mostly during sexual process.At this point, the haploid and diploid phase alternate.With a full range of forms of division single.After that, the two combine to form a single complete set of structural and functional elements, etc.
diploid chromosome set is a set of chromosomes, which is inherent in all body cells.It all chromosomes that are characteristic of this species, are presented in pairs.Every human diploid set of chromosomes is able to contain forty-four autosomes and two sex structural and functional element.Diploid set of chromosomes characteristic of the zygote and all body cells except anzuploidnyh, haploid and polyploid cells.
Sometimes it happens, that is a violation of a set of structural and functional units.Failures can affect the formation of chromosomal disorders (eg Down Syndrome - Education triosomii, in breach of the twenty-first pair and the emergence of an extra chromosome (third)).The study of chromosomes is very important, because these elements have a very serious impact on the human body.
