great Italian scholar and scientist Galileo Galilei had a lasting historical influence on the development not only of specific sciences: physics, mechanics, astronomy, and developed some fundamental principles for the development of science in general, the principle of relativity of Galileo, Galileo transformation had a significant influence on the formation of the presentpicture of the world.
motive Scientific discoveries by Galileo relativity principle was questioned loyalty formulas reflecting the acceleration of the motion of bodies.It is known that in the absence of acceleration in the movement system relative to some other frame of reference, acceleration of the body with respect to both of these systems will be constant.
Since earlier, according to Newton's laws, stated that it was the acceleration is the main parameter that describes the kinematics of the body (2 Newton's law), and the power may be dependent only on the position and the magnitude of the velocity of bodies.Galileo questioned such a dependence on the grounds that, in this case, all the equations of mechanics will take the same form in any of the frames.The statement that puts Galileo's principle of relativity states that the laws of mechanics can not depend on where in the system they studied us.This principle can be expressed more easily in action follows.
example, if you conduct any experiment simultaneously in two rooms where one is moving relative to each other, the result of our experiment will be the same for both areas.
requirements formulated by Galileo's principle of relativity, were taken as a postulate.However, Newton's laws, these findings of Galileo, as well as his conversion, had a significant influence on development of mechanics as a science.
Galilean transformation in the field of mechanics and almost changed many prevalent earlier notions of mechanical processes.In particular, the laws of coordinate transformations that occur in the transition from one frame to another, suggests the similarity of time, and therefore extends the concept of "absolute time".In this case, it is claimed that Galileo's principle of relativity, appears as a special case of the concept of Lorentz, and is applicable only for small velocities (relative to the speed of light, of course).
should say that before Galileo studied physics almost everywhere on the works of Aristotle, they were approved by the metaphysical conception of nature and man.With specific regard to physics, Aristotle, for example, argued that the rate of fall of a body is directly proportional to its weight and that any motion occurs only as long as it is exposed to "the cause of motive."Galileo denied these conclusions and formulate correct that reflect the true process of falling and speed depending on the weight of the body when it moves.
formulated mechanical principle of relativity of Galileo was first proposed in the book "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems."In the simplest manner, it is: for items that are moving uniformly, the movement does not affect only those objects that are not involved in this movement.This statement allowed him to completely refute some postulates Astronomical heliocentrism, which stated that the fact that the Earth's rotation affects the course of events that take place on it.
What Galileo argued, the principle of relativity, its mechanistic transformation of philosophical speculation became the basis for the discovery of many laws of physics after the death of the great scientist.These include, for example, the laws of conservation of energy, the laws of the pendulum swing, and frequency allocation, he predicted, and even coined a fundamental physical concept, as a moment of force.
