main features of methods and techniques of training
One of the main features of the educational process is a two-way activity, which is manifested by the teachers and by the students.The development of this process in many ways influenced techniques and training methods .
Such methods of interaction and training of students, which are aimed at the joint solution of educational problems, called methods of teaching.Acceptance is one of the individual aspects of the method or one of its components.Therefore techniques and training methods are in constant interaction, influencing one another.As an example we can consider the method of work of pupils with educational literature.It provides for the application of such techniques as notes, drafting abstracts, plan and specialized dictionaries, quotations, writing reviews.
about how techniques and training methods may have interference, evidenced by the fact that the methods include separate methods.For example, the construction of a schematic model is part of the method of working with educational literature and at the same time an integral part of the material the teacher when the student is placed in front of the task to create a summary of the support based on a new material under study.
In some cases, a way of learning can act something like a separate method, how welcome.For an explanation of the material is the method of teaching, but if in the process of analyzing errors or practical work teacher resorted to the explanation, it's a technique which consists of a method of practical work.
However, techniques and training methods can sometimes be used interchangeably.For example, if during the lesson, the teacher uses the method of delivery of the new material and refers to the drawings, diagrams, drawings in a textbook for greater clarity and better absorption of the studied, it will be welcome.If, however, during the occupation of the method of working with educational literature, and teachers need to give an explanation of any particular concept or term, such a method has to act as an additional reception.
Thus, the methods used during the training consist of two kinds of methods - teaching and learning.
Types of pedagogical methods in training
All modern forms of education aimed at seeing an increasing interest in cognitive activity and training, and it will contribute to more efficient and effective educational process.Therefore, the main teaching methods training include:
- freedom of choice (in any learning activities the student there is a right of choice);
- open (not just to teach, but to put before the pupils a problem whose solution is beyond the scope of the material under study);
- activities (includes the application of knowledge in practice);
- high productivity (should make maximum use of the knowledge, the opportunity to study, taking into account their interests);
- feedback (must be kept under the control of the learning process, using feedback techniques).
Specific modern teaching methods training («mosaic of problems", "circular letter" strategy "thinking hats", "questions - thick and thin," "estimate window" and others.) Add variety to hold classes, increase the interest of students to the subject of the study, improve the quality of the educational process.
Methods and techniques used in teaching preschoolers
Child development is due to its activity.The basic principles of the educational program of preschool children are implemented in the classroom through methods and techniques of teaching preschoolers .
Under the method, in this case should be considered means of influence or knowledge transfer.Methods implemented via a variety of application specific method.Therefore methods and techniques of teaching preschoolers be practical, visual, verbal and play.
For practical concern, for example, execution of orders, various exercises, joint work educator and children.
Visual methods include observation of living objects, natural phenomena, barely adults, view tutorials, demonstration models, the use of shadow theater and puppet and under.Among the techniques in this method can be used explanation of what he saw (heard), setting the children and their active steps to implement them, questions dramatic reading, perform actions in the game, and others.
Verbal include reading, storytelling, discussion, dramatizations, the description of the picture.
game method provides mobile, educational games, fun, staging.
use of these methods and techniques enables us to provide pedagogical influence on the formation of skills in preschool children of various activities.
