term "method" includes a plurality of operations and methods of theoretical and practical understanding of reality.The method offers a person a system of principles, rules, requirements, following which it can quickly achieve the target.There is a particular area of knowledge, which assigns particular importance to the study of methods, it is called methodology.Its main task is to study the characteristics of the methods of knowledge: the origin, nature and effectiveness.
methods of knowledge are divided by the breadth of applications in the process of scientific research.At the same scientific methods of knowledge are divided into two groups: the metaphysical and dialectical.In the middle of the XIX century metaphysical techniques become increasingly supplanted dialectical, because of the rapid development of science.Dialectic group of methods are scientific methods of cognition, which are widely used in a variety of scientific fields, ie, it has a fairly wide range of applications.
Observation is always the main instrument accompanying scientific methods of cognition.It has always played a very important role in scientific knowledge, because it allows you to collect a huge amount of information about the environment.Experiment called more complex as compared with the observation method empirical consciousness.It involves purposeful, active and well-controlled exposure to the researcher directly to an object for the study of his relations, properties or other parties.The experiment has a number of inherent features:
- experiment allows us to study the subject in its pure form, eliminating various adverse factors that hinder the research process.
- During the experiment, the subject can be put in the unusual and extreme conditions.
- During the experiment, you can not interfere in its development, and to adjust the further course of the experiment.
- conducting an experiment can be any number of times as required to obtain reliable results.
Preparing and conducting a scientific experiment requires certain conditions on the part of the experimenter.
So conduct a scientific experiment:
- never done haphazardly.The experiment was always presupposes the existence of a strictly formulated objective of the study.
- never done blindly.The experiment is always based on any theoretical assumptions.
- not conducted unplanned.The contractor should have a preliminary plan of the experiment.
- always require a certain technical equipment needed for its proper implementation.
- requires a high level of specialization of people who will be engaged in the experiment.
Dialectics and metaphysics - is not just a philosophical concept, which is based on the basis of scientific methods of cognition.This is the greatest general knowledge of techniques that allow us to understand not only the scientific picture of the world, but also to develop his own theory of discovery.
Knowledge and use of scientific methods of knowledge does not exclude the use of private and special scientific methods of knowledge of the various phenomena.Chastnonauchnogo methods of knowledge are a set of principles and methods of knowledge, scientific procedures and techniques, which find application in a particular field of science, corresponding to the main forms of matter in motion.As a rule, these methods belong to mechanics, chemistry, physics, biology, and some humanities.
Although a variety of methods of learning used in various fields of science and technology, all scientists strive for the same goal - to make possible a more accurate picture of the world.Most likely, in the near future they will succeed.
