Every science uses certain methods of investigation, they are divided into general methods that are typical of most sciences, and concrete, which are used by individual sciences.Classification of methods of psychological research is designed to structure and organize a variety of methods used to conduct psychological issledovaniy.Obschenauchnye methods are used in almost all sciences.These OVKlimenko and others include:
1) analysis - the dismemberment of a phenomenon on individual properties or relations;
2) synthesis - a combination of various elements, the parties object properties into a single unit;
3) induction - a form of logical reasoning in the direction of, for example, from private to general conclusions from particular facts to generalizations;
4) deduction - the logical conclusion from the general to the particular, from the general to the particular conclusions of judgments;
5) modeling - the replacement of the real object of study object-substitute (model) that contains the features, communication, relationships studied object;
6) hypothetical method - the extension of scientific deduction based on the assumptions in order to explain certain phenomena;
7) systematic method - associated with the construction of the relationship elements that make up an object;
8) remodel - semantic and restructuring phenomenon;
9) theoretical scientific methods.
main methods of psychological research include:
a) synthesis - mental transition from the empirical analysis of individual objects to a higher level of abstraction by highlighting common features, which are in the object in question;
b) formalization - reflection method results in precise thinking concepts expressed in formulas or symbolic form, etc .;
c) abstraction - a method of scientific knowledge, based on the formation of an image of the real object by means of mental isolation feature that interests the researcher.
Specific methods of social psychological research can be divided into 4 groups:
Organizational metody.Empiricheskie (issedovatelskie) .Metody obrabotki.Obyasnitelnye statistical method (interpretation) .Klassifikatsiya psychological research methods, which include organizational methods, including:
a) comparative (method of cross sections) is that the organization of research, taking the different groups of subjects according to various criteria (based on age, conditions of training and education), and then conduct research and data were compared in groups, isolated onone criterion;
b) longitudinal method - a longitudinal study of a long study of the same category of subjects;
c) complex method.Empirical (research) methods are among the methods of obtaining scientific data.
empirical social psychological research methods include the collection of information through observation, experiment, testing.Monitoring is organized and purposeful perception of psychic phenomena and requires the researcher:
1) formulation of objectives;
2) drawing up the plan - a sequence of observations;
3) preparation of the observation program;
4) the need to develop a monitoring system;
5) fixing the surveillance data;
6) statistical processing, analysis and interpretation of the results of observation.Monitoring can be switched on and the non-inclusion, internal and external, hidden and open.
For example, by monitoring the amount of attention you can study some aspects of memory, temperament.The experiment is different from the method of observation that the experimenter has been active in comparison with the researcher-observer.The experimenter creates the conditions that cause the phenomenon that interests him.The experiment is different from the testing that examines the relationship of data on their subject matter, depending on the variability of the conditions for its implementation.
experiment can be laboratory and natural shaping and ascertain.Classification of methods of psychological research also applies with respect to additional research methods, which include: interview, analysis of the products of activities, interviews, drawing up profiles, expert evaluation method, the method of generalization of independent characteristics, biographical methods, sociometry, referentometriyu.
classification methods of psychological research on the explanatory method (interpretation) allows you to select:
a) genetic method - examines the phenomenon in the way of its origin and development in ontogenesis;
b) structural method.
This common classification system allows you to effectively choose one or the other method of psychological research to-date it is currently.
