Like any other science, psychology has its components that determine with which it interacts, and that the studies on which to base their studies.This is the subject, objectives and methods of psychology - the three "pillars" on which, in fact, based psychological science.
subject of psychology - is the operation of the mind, its laws.
Tasks psychology: knowledge bases and mechanisms of mental activity and activities;Identification and systematization of the observed phenomena and laws;identification of mechanisms of realization of established law;practical use and competent implementation of the results and knowledge in real life.
Psychology in the arsenal also has a variety of methods.Their diversity is linked to many factors: the subject and object of research, the relevance of a particular method in a particular situation and so on.In addition, methods and techniques are treated differently, have different psychological schools, and adjusts the time requirement for the various methods, whereby some disappear, others appear existing modified.However, there are classification methods of psychology, which are complex and versatile.One such classification was proposed by BGAnaniev, a classic of Russian psychology.
So what are the methods of psychology offers Ananiev?
1. Organizational methods.This is the most meaningful in terms of the global group of methods of psychology, which is based on research.This group includes: comparative method, longitudinal, complex.
2. Empirical methods.This is the most extensive and ramified group of methods, which are based on actual practice and research based.Isolate the main methods that belong to this group.These are: observation, self-observation (it is called introspection) experiment.The experiment, in turn, has many divisions: isolated laboratory, field, training, psycho-pedagogical, modeling and other types of experiments.Natural (field) experiment, which was proposed by the national psychology Lazurskii, is one of the most reliable and accurate methods, since during the whole period of this experiment, the subject does not know about his participation in the study, therefore, the facts are not distorted, and the results are the most accurate.
Such methods of psychology, as a test, questionnaire, questionnaire are probably the most effective and efficient methods of psychological research.Despite the fact that they are used for a hundred years of psychological practice, these methods do not hand over their positions, and their popularity is only growing.
What other methods of psychology are included in this group?The method of conversation analysis of products and the method of modeling activities.
3. Processing of the results.This group is a union of quantitative and qualitative analysis.
4. interpretive methods.They are used for treatment, transcripts and explanations of the results obtained from the study.
It is worth emphasizing that the different methods of psychology are good for different kinds of psychology.For example, methods of psychology of work will be based on a structure (for Kotelovoy):
1. The method of observation.
2. The method of interrogation.
3. Analysis of the production of documentation as an auxiliary to the first and second methods.
4. interpretation, verification and decryption as the final stage
This structure is given here in a simplified form, as in the full version, it looks very three-dimensional.But in this case, the methods and principles of psychology very clear in this structure.As no research, and practical moments, here are methods such as educational workshops, role play and others, contribute to the improvement of labor skills.
