great educator Vasily Sukhomlinsky said that training should not be a normal accumulation of knowledge and serve to train your memory.He taught the children that by observing, thinking, and reasoning skills and can be a creator, and a traveler and discoverer.
Today, the school is the task to educate a creative person who is able to think independently and make logical conclusions.So many teachers use methods of problem-based learning.
What is the essence of the training using the method of setting problems
By problem-based learning should be understood this kind of training, during which resolved consistently created for educational purposes problematic situations.Under the problematic situation to be understood conscious difficulty, which is contrary between the already acquired knowledge and those whose preparation is necessary in order to solve the proposed task.Target, via which created a problem situation, a problem is called problem, or simply a problem.
S. Rubinstein, considering the psychological bases of problem-based learning, has formulated the idea that any process of thinking always gives rise to a problem situation.
It should be noted that not every kind of difficulty, can cause a problem situation.Therefore, the technology problem-based learning involves understanding the nature of difficulties.Students should feel that for a specific task he lacks the knowledge that he has already received, there is a need to find new ways and methods of action.Thus, there is need to find as one of the components of creative thinking.
As previously mentioned, the technology problem-based learning involves processes of generation of creative research and thinking.They will not occur if the teacher puts students back-breaking at a certain stage of learning objectives, if it turns out that students are not ready for this kind of activity.It must be considered that the pupils do not lose faith in themselves and that they have not lost the desire to comprehend new and learn.
Long-term studies show that the technology problem-based learning involves the following steps:
- understanding of the problem situation has arisen;
- analysis of the situation and identification of a specific problem;
- its solution by extending the assumptions phased testing hypotheses;
- analysis and validation of the decision.
main methods used in problem-based learning
The following methods are problem-based learning: the presentation of the problem, heuristic and research.
The crux of the problem of the method of presentation is to reveal to students the ways the search, discovery and study of new knowledge.Thus there is the preparation of students for independent search in the future.Also, this method provides a framework for heuristic method, and he, in turn, for the research.
heuristic method provides an independent, broadly planned search for solutions to the problems put forward.
But the central problem-based learning technology removes the research method.Its special feature is that the learning process sroitsya modeled on scientific research, but affordable, a simplified form for the students.
Pros and cons of problem-based learning
Probably no one would deny the dignity of those who have problem-based learning.This development of attention, observation, student, and activation of cognitive activity, thinking, and education of independence, self-criticism, initiative, responsibility, prudence, determination, thinking outside the box.But most importantly - problem-based learning provides a solid knowledge, which are extracted independently.
One of the drawbacks of such training can be called the difficulties that inevitably arise during the training.The decision of the problem tasks require more time.Of course, the teacher should have a good command of factual material, continuously improve their professional skills, to take into account in their work the psychological basis of problem-based learning.
At the same time, problem-based learning meets the requirements of today, allowing to raise the creative, analytical thinking individual.
