practical teaching methods used for understanding reality, the formation of skills and abilities, knowledge.At the time of their application, the following techniques: planning the job, setting tasks, operative stimulation, control and regulation, analysis of the results, the determination of the causes of deficiencies.Practical training methods can not be used without the other, in particular the visual and verbal methods of learning.
practical training methods are the following: the method of exercises, laboratory work method, a method of practical work, the method of play.We consider these in more detail.
features practical teaching methods
Exercises
This method of practical training is most effective.Under the exercise is meant organized systematic and repeated execution of the action, the purpose of which is to master these actions or improve their quality.In order for students to well mastered these skills and abilities to properly organize the exercise.
Exercises are of three types:
· Special - this exercise is repeated many times, the effect of which is directed to the formation of labor and educational abilities and skills.
· Derivatives - it is entering into special previous exercises.They contribute to the repetition, and thus perpetuate previously organized skills.If not used derivatives of repetition, the skill is usually lost.
· comment - it exercises serve to enhance the educational process, as well as conscious of their assignments.In other words, the students and the teacher made comments on the action, as a result of the past to better understand and remember.
Exercises are also divided into oral and written.Oral exercises are most often used in the learning process, and their main purpose is the mastery of technique and culture of reading, story, logical presentation of tasks, etc.Writing exercises are also an important component of the training.This grammatical, stylistic and spelling dictation, notes, essays, descriptions of experiments, etc.They help to shape and develop the necessary skills.The effectiveness of the exercise is determined by requirements such as the correct implementation of all actions, conscious desire to improve the quality of a teaching activity and conscious control of the conditions under which to execute the action, taking into account the results achieved, the distribution of repetitions of exercises over time.
Laboratory method
It is based on independent research and experimentation by students.It is most commonly used in the study of subjects such as chemistry, biology, physics.Laboratory method can be performed both individually and in groups.The most effective is considered problematic laboratory method, as during the meeting put forward a hypothesis, its planned path and the selected devices and materials needed by the students directly.
practical method
Such practices training as laboratory and practical, are very similar, but the bottom line is different from the laboratory so that the students put into practice the knowledge they already possess.At the fore the ability to use theoretical knowledge in practice.A practical method contributes to the deepening of knowledge and skills, improves problem solving and correction controls, stimulates cognitive activity.
The practical methods are the following stages: first, the teacher introduces students to the theory, followed instructions, a sample (for example, how to do), work performance, and then control.
Educational games
here are meant to create a situation that is completely simulate reality.The main task of the students to find out the situation out.Educational games help stimulate the learning process.Lately, especially popular simulation games, when students have to reproduce certain qualities.The most commonly used and the method of playing such types as generation and instsenizatsiya ideas.Under generation it meant something like "brainstorming", during which students are divided (generate) their ideas for solving the problem.Method instsenizatsii may have various shapes.For example, it can play the role of dialogue, pre-prepared theatrical performance, etc.It should be noted that educational games - is to some extent non-conventional teaching methods, which are increasingly being introduced in the educational process.
