memory in psychology is a form of mental reflection that establishes, maintains, and then reproduces past experiences, making it possible to reuse in a new activity.Memory links the present with the human past and the future.It represents a critical cognitive function that promotes human development.The basis of mental activity also is memory.
There are different types of memory in psychology.They are classified according to the following criteria.
According to the content of mental activity is isolated motor (motor), emotional, verbal, logical, figurative memory.The image memory - perception, preservation and use of images of events and objects of reality.Motor memory in psychology - is Capturing and playback of movement (walking, use of tools, etc.).Emotional - memory for familiar emotional states and feelings.It is essential for the moral development.Verbal and logical memory is reduced to memorization and thinking later playback (peculiar to man).
According to the degree of regulation volitional release arbitrary memory (man remembers at its sole discretion and will) and involuntary (learning happens without willpower).
For the duration of further consolidation and preservation distinguish short-term memory in psychology (lack of information imprinted on a few seconds after a brief perception) and long term (characterized by a long durability and a relative preservation of the material).
On the role and place of business there is a continuous and random access memory (holds some intermediate results and objectives).
All of these types of memory exist separately from each other.
memory in psychology is characterized by the following processes that occur in it: storing, preserving, forgetting, recognition, reproduction.Features memory
different people depending on the types of the nervous system, the nature of professional use and other factors.A person may have a particular type of memory: visual-figurative, verbal and logical or intermediate (harmonious).
There are theories in the psychology of memory.The theory of memory - a form of mental reflection.In the XIX century Ebbinghaus studied the laws of pure memory.In the twentieth century, Gestalt psychology as the basis of memory were taken gestalt - a holistic organized structures.When behaviorism emphasized the role of reinforcement in remembering.Psychoanalysis thought that forgetting is associated with motivational sphere of the psyche.Today, there are theories that are considering the processes and mechanisms of memory: a biochemical theory, the theory of neural models, chemical theory.
quality of memory (volume, speed memory, fidelity, duration of conservation, the ability to quickly retrieve data, ease of play) define its productivity.On the productivity of memory can influence the objective and subjective reasons.
Objective include the nature of memorized information, structuring, consistency and coherence of the material, proportion, distribution, visibility, as well as general guidelines and the conditions under which storage must take place, etc.
subjective reasons are an individual type of memory, the wealth of past experience, the presence of the installation on the storage and preservation of information, personal significance, emotional attitude, memory, gender-sensitive, physical condition, and others.
study of memory in psychology is carried out using experimental methods.They often give conflicting information.However, scientists believe that the memory is able to capture everything that a person is going through.It imposes restrictions on a human consciousness.
