At first glance it may seem that learning to play chess is fairly easy, but in reality it takes a lot of effort, and to remember a few basic rules.
History of
People still debate about whether this game is a sport or art.Today, computer technology reached the point that any computer can easily solve the "chess" problems of higher complexity in a matter of seconds, but for the person that will take years of practice.
first game in the form in which it is now accustomed to seeing, there was another 15 centuries ago in the East.The basis of the rules laid down Shatrange Arabic and Indian Chaturanga.In the Middle Ages in Europe, it held its first chess tournament, which was attended only by the knights.It was a real mind games.Chess at the time were considered the property of the nobles.There is an Eastern legend that this game is made of the poor of the rich.A wise man who first showed the world how to play chess, asked for his "invention" one grain of wheat per cell, in the second - two of the following - and four in the same progression continue until the end of the board.The governor agreed, but he did not suspect that in the end will have to pay 8.5 quintillion grains (number with 18 zeros).It turned out in the end a few kilograms of wheat, which in those days was a great luxury.
As the legend so much from chess variations of events, but there are individual situations that others often develop on the board of some experts and learn.Great GMs know by heart dozens winning algorithms that seek out and build over the years in the course of hundreds of parties.
Today, this game has become popular worldwide.Many experts even advise chess for children as a tool for the development of deductive reasoning.
Start position
All pieces can only move 64 squares board.It is also important and their correct location.The board should be rotated so that the right of the player is white square.On the plane itself, a 32 pieces in two colors (black and white).The rules of chess state that each of the "army" of opponents to be mirrored to each other.In the first rank to the opponent a pawn, but at the last line of the board - all the other figures.At the corners are put rook, then next to them - horses, elephants are located behind them.At the center of the board, as expected, are the king and queen, the second must be on a cell of the opposite color.
moves are made at a time, and the first game start the white.Often, in the beginning of the battle are the pawns.
figures and their moves
most important thing in chess is the king, but by itself it is almost helpless.It moves one cell in either direction.If you put it in a hopeless situation, the party will lose regardless of the number of remaining pieces.This position is called a mat that Arabic means "to die."
second most important figure is the queen.This is the most powerful weapon of the king, which can move in any straight line and take an unlimited number of cells in a single turn.
Rook Queen is ranked on a par with the group of "hard" figures.Can move only rectilinearly in the part other than the diagonal.Restrictions on the number of cells passed the course not.
Elephant is located closest to the king and queen.Variability of moves is limited diagonals, but not the number of kletok.Kon - the most unique and interesting piece on the board.Unlike the others, he moves only with the letter "G", that is two squares forward in the chosen direction and one to the side.Before each course of the horse 8 variations for maneuver.
There is another figure, which is important to read before you play chess - a pawn.And let her feel the weakest on the board, but without the king would be in a very fast "death."He walks forward only 1 or 2 cells in their half and one - the opponent.Take
opponent's piece can be only in the case when it is in the way of the player's turn.Then it took the shape that it has.If there is a situation when the king threatened deprivation of space on the board, it can protect or make the move to the side.A pawn can take any shape, which is from her one square diagonally forward.
Rules and cost figures
King may engage in battle with anyone, except the queen, as it can attack all cells around them.
the cheapest and weakest of the figure is a pawn.Its main advantage - the opportunity to plug, that is, at the same time threaten to two elements of the enemy "army."
Rook equal in value to five pawns and stands above all but the queen.This is a very important figure for any strategy, through which at any time can be mat.
elephant and a horse at a cost roughly equal, though, and have different properties.Equal to three pawns.The disadvantage is to identify the "dead zones" where these figures can not get (the elephant - never, horse - in a few moves) .Samym as useful and powerful element on the board is Queen.Its cost is equated directly to the two rooks.The queen is able to do not only the "plug", but at the same time threaten to 8 figures.
Before playing chess, it is important to get acquainted with one more nuance.If the pawn reached the final opposite squares of the board (before the first turn of the opponent), it can be exchanged for any figure, which had previously been taken opponent.
Record Game
Standard chessboard is a square and consists of 64 fields.Vertical always put letters from «a» to «h», and across - the numbers from 1 to 8. These designations made in the record of moves.
Thus, each cell has its own name, for example, d5, e1, f8, etc.Recorded progress figure recorded two fields (initial and final) with a hyphen.For example: a2 - a4.
In addition, their short designations also have the figures - the first letters of their names (O, A, C, K).The only exception is the king.Its reduction in the entry - kr.Pawn is not indicated in any way.
outcome of the game Rules of the game of chess describe only two possible development finals and one intermediate.The attack on the king called Shah.Represented in the recording of this action "+" sign.Among the players it is called an intermediate outcome, when there is a possibility of the mat.In the case of the Shah, there are several ways to protect: to leave the king to the side, close it or take another piece forward.
If the king has no way to get away from the attack, then the opponent has been checkmated.In this case, the party is won.Represented by the sign «x».
draw in chess is called a stalemate.This is a situation when a player before the mat is only one step, but it can not be done, because the opponent has no options to maneuver any of the figures.Denoted by the symbol "#".
Reshuffle
rules of the game allowed once for a party to swap the king and rook.Chess for kids exclude the possibility of castling figures, as it has a fairly complex to grasp the nuances.Rearrange permitted only if neither boat nor the king did not make any progress and are not under attack from the opponent.Also, it can not be done at the beginning of the game.During castling rook gets close to the king, and he becomes the next field on the other side.
Russian chess
rules of this game did no different from its Arab counterpart.Russian Chess is a board with 64 squares and 32 pieces.Pawns are called tavreli.The rest of the pieces have titles: prince, knight and warrior.King - magician.
How to play chess with these figures?The main difference is the position of the "tower".During the party is not removed from the board of any one figure.If one of them has a different, it is placed over the first, forming a kind of a tower, and so forth.
The game continues as long as the Magus will not appear on the first figure.
