osmotic processes are based on the natural ability of the solvent to move from a concentrated environment, leaving foreign mineral particles.Last delay contribute semipermeable membrane and the pressure at which the power and diffusion occurs (overflow).In the usual sense osmosis - a filter, which purifies water.For a visual representation of this process can turn to desalination technology and water sterilization.
Getting clean liquid occurs as a result of its natural passage through special barriers behind which are undesirable minerals.On ships Reverse osmosis will eliminate the water from the salt.In industry and medicine, as a rule, careful treatment of aqueous media is required to produce certain compounds.
Reverse osmosis
terms of cleaning function it is advisable to use reverse osmosis.Scientists have discovered the ability of multicellular organisms pass or retain water.Each cell has a membrane filter speakers, which provide passage of water, but leave solid and polurastvorennye items.In the course of these processes for the exchange of substances - are useful in the body and toxins from the slag - on the contrary, are displayed.It is worth noting that the osmosis - a natural process, but to achieve better cleaning results are often applied pressure.
Thus, in the case of water semipermeable membrane will allow passage of H2 O and dissolved therein a delay element only until the occurrence of a concentrated equilibrium with the environment.It is important to note that the osmosis - this is a direct diffusion of which we can say when the force of the natural hydraulic pressure begins to exceed.
reverse osmosis membrane
In manufacturing osmosis membranes are used synthetic polymers.The main task of these elements is to provide a barrier to high molecular weight contaminants, while providing a passage of low-molecular substances, including oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine.
Built on polymeric membranes of the reverse osmosis water contribute to the separation of clean liquid impurities.Unlike other modern methods of filtration, osmosis involves the presence of water on both sides of the filtration component.However, one side is the permeate (pure water), and the other - the fluid with impurities, among which may be salts, colloids, bacteria and various organics.
Productivity osmosis membranes for reverse osmosis
Artificial process of its effectiveness is capable of handling an average of 20% of the total volume of water.However, some high-tech installations bring the percentage to 80%.Another thing that is for the most part highly specialized osmotic filters that are inaccessible to the mass consumer.However, reverse osmosis system is currently considered one of the most high quality and advanced technologies to treat water of any quality.
Prefilters
Generally, RO systems provide several stages of filtration.The initial barrier to contaminants and impurities in the water becomes a prefilter.His task is not so much the preparation of water for domestic use, as its primary purification of the elements that could damage the membrane of the main filter.In particular, at this stage reverse osmosis system delays chlorine and other impurities, unwanted contact with postfilter.
As a rule, for initial treatment used carbon filters - they are commonly used in the cartridge models.Carbon "drainage" removes liquid from chlorine, which is harmful to the membrane polymer.That is important to understand the importance of preparation and liquid which will further osmosis process.Water purification - it is from the point of view of safety filtration equipment?Primarily protection from chemical processes that destroy the structure of the cleaning elements.Solving the same chlorine at a preliminary stage will greatly enhance the durability of the system.
post-filtering membranes
There are two main types of membranes for filtration - flat and tubular.Plane models are tape products, with reinforcement or support in the form of the substrate.For reverse osmosis osmosis commonly used multi-layer version, where each film is designed for a specific load.The base layer typically carries membrane reinforcing or supporting task, the second - is directly involved in filtration and a final - provides external protection.
Tubular models - water filters, osmosis that provides special fibers have a diameter of 0.5 mm.The hollow fiber structure is considered to be the most effective in cleaning.Due to the small size of the membrane fibers, provided significant work surface.But the principle of a thorough filtering naturally leads to significant drawbacks - tubular membranes are quickly contaminated, requiring high-quality water treatment.
installation and operation of filters
to ensure durability and effective cleaning requires corresponding equipment installation, enabling the development of wiring diagrams of the filter and pump.Generally, reverse-osmosis implies implementation of booster pumps, due to which an artificial blood pressure.There are gauges of high and low pressure.
water enters the reverse osmosis plants directly from the tap, and then passes the pre-filter processing of coal.Pump is installed immediately after the pre-filter water treatment, but membrane.Passing an initial cleaning, the water fed to the input of the pump unit.The output of this unit is connected to a shut-off valve.On the other side of the valve must be connected a tube extending to the tap with fresh water and the membrane.
Manufacturers and prices
Implement osmosis at home, having the opportunity to use high-quality and clean water, and Russian manufacturers offer filters and foreign companies.In particular, the company "Aquaphor" and "Geyser" allow you to install reverse osmosis, the price of which varies from 8 to 14 thousand. Rub.Difference is due to several thousand Performance and functionality of filters.For example, the model of the "Prestige MP" is the top line in the "Geyser" and allows the water salinity.Atoll The company relies on improving the basic parameters of their models, offering a modification of "Patriot" with 5-step cleaning and 12-liter tank for 8,5 thousand.
decent option on the domestic market of membrane filters offer and Japanese developers.For example, in Expert Osmos budget line provides functional reverse osmosis, the price of which is 9 thousand. Pay another 6 thousand., Can provide a home filtration system Praktic Osmos, which is also equipped with a pump, electronic control and automatic washing of the membrane.
Pros and cons of reverse osmosis purification
The quality of performance of the principal tasks of reverse osmosis filter has no equal.For example, an alternative setting, even in the best pitchers modifications incomparable depth cleaning.But this factor, and raises doubts about the usefulness of membrane devices as osmosis - a process in which water is completely distilled.However, many current models allow you to control cleaning, maintaining fluid mineralization.
Among the disadvantages of reverse osmosis, and the need to use the equipment of a composite.Several filters, the presence of the tank and eliminate the possibility of branching compact installation of such systems.Anyway, reverse osmosis filtration, provided upward of ergonomics may be the undisputed leader in the category of means to ensure clean and healthy water.
