Large Heavy Machinery Russia

Russia - industrial country with a long history of industrial development.Accordingly, the Russian machine-building plants play a leading role in the economy.The total volume of industrial production the share of engineering products is in the range of 20%.This is a good average level, however, it is necessary to increase, because in a number of industrialized countries, the figure is close to 40% or more.

Place industry in Russia

Industry Machinery Russia in the structure of the national economy challenges the first place with the fossil fuel industry and significantly exceeds other sectors of the economy.After the collapse of the Soviet Union its share of "common piggy bank", from 28% (1990) has slipped to 16% (1995), but then began a gradual recovery.By the beginning of the XXI century figures increased to 19%, and by 2015 - to 22%.

In 2013, machine-building plants in Russia have earned $ 190 billion (6 trillion rubles).Total in Russia are 19 industrial complexes, more than a hundred sub-sectors and individual production.The engineering involved over 40,000 businesses of all sizes and various forms of ownership (2000 of them - major), which is one third of the total number of industrial enterprises.The industry employs 1/3 of the total working population: more than 4.5 million people (3.5 million of them - working).A large number of employees determines the social importance of the sector in providing employment.

Background

peoples in Russia were engaged in metal processing since time immemorial.In the Urals, we discovered ancient settlements where melted metal and made of a variety of products more than 6,000 years ago.In Kievan Rus already in the X century there were large workshops, produce complex products.In the XII century, our ancestors mastered turning and milling machines.However, the first machine-building plants in Russia appeared in the XVI century.They were associated with the weapons case and placed in Tula.Production was based on local iron ore, but it was numerically small, fragmented and non-systemic.

revolutionary changes in the industry have occurred under Peter I, who was an active expansionary policy.His army needed more modern weapons, ammunition and equipment.With the discovery of large deposits of iron ore in the Urals there were created and machine-building enterprises, mainly weapons.

Locomotives industry

the wide range of manufactured products leads to the fact that many large engineering plants in Russia, as the exclusive producer of certain types of products, at the same time have a relatively small volume of sales in monetary terms.With the largest Russian companies in the fuel industry, metallurgy and petrochemical industries are comparable in terms of the implementation of a "AvtoVAZ" AHK "Sukhoi", OAO "GAZ" group "JUICE" and OJSC "KAMAZ".

number of leading includes mainly automotive companies (civil engineering sub-sector with the largest share in the structure of output of mechanical engineering) and the MIC, and the total number of large machine-building production (with an annual turnover of more than 5 billion rubles) is relatively small.

Holdings and financial-industrial groups

Machinery Russia in recent years embarked on the path of formation of holding companies and financial-industrial groups (FIGs).This is observed as a further development of the machine-building companies and holding companies created in the previous years (OMZ, power engineering corporation, "New programs and concepts" and others), and the formation of new groups created on the basis of capital, earned in other industries.The most noticeable expansion in engineering steel companies, which resulted in the formation of powerful financial-industrial groups in the automotive industry "RusPromAvto" and a group of automotive companies "Severstal".As a result, in most sub-sectors formed by one or a few large companies (groups), occupying a leading position in them.

largest machine-building plants in Russia

list of the enterprises with more than 12,000 employees, decreased order of magnitude (from 120 to a few dozen).Top 10 companies by the number of workers at these people in recent decades has undergone dramatic changes.Some plants actually bankrupt, while others have significantly reduced staff.For example, we give a comparative table of the giants of mechanical engineering at the peak of its development and today.

more detaileda list of the major operating companies by region as follows.

Central Federal District

in western Russia are concentrated high-tech defense industry (in particular aviation and rocket science, air defense systems and radar guns, vehicles), space industry, manufactures a wide range of diesel engines, railway equipment, machine toolsand equipment.In the Kaluga region there are a whole cluster of autos foreign manufacturers.Meanwhile, the domestic auto giants AZLK and ZIL lost grandeur.

• Enterprises EKR "Almaz-Antey" (the total number of employees of the Group 98,000 people).It includes the Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Avangard" (production of anti-aircraft missiles), Dolgoprudnenskoe NPP (air defense systems), NGOs LEMZ (radar), Moscow Radio Engineering Plant (radios) and others.
• Khrunichev.Khrunichev (43500 people., Moscow) - the leading enterprise of the rocket and space industry.It develops and produces carrier rockets "Proton", "Angara".
• Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Banner of Labor" and the RAC "MiG" (14500 people., Moscow) - Issue fighters "MiG".
• car factories of foreign companies "Renault Russia" ("Avtoframos", 2300 people., Moscow), "PSMA Rus» (PSA Peugeot Citroen and Mitsubishi, Kaluga region.), "Volkswagen Group Rus" (Kaluga region). "Volvo Vostok "(Kaluga region.) and others.
• RSC "Energia" (Korolev) - leading missile and space company in the world.
• MIC "NPO Machine Building" (18 thousand people., Reutov) - Rocket and space equipment.
• MZ "ZIO-Podolsk" (4700 pers.) - Equipment for nuclear power plants and CHP plants.
• «Kolomna factory" (6400 pers.) - Diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, diesel equipment.
• Bryansk Engineering Works (6800 people). - Locomotives, wagons.
• «Autodiesel" (Yaroslavl Automobile) - production engines.

Northwest FD

In St. Petersburg and Leningrad region concentrated the largest machine-building plants in Russia.Local shipyards occupy a leading position on the construction of military and civilian courts.Among domestic champions giant size shops (200 hectares in the city center) stands Kirov Tractor Plant, the main income of which was rent space rather than release profile production.Next door, in Vsevolozhsk, operates a large factory "Ford".Another machine-building center of the region is the city of Severodvinsk, where they build submarines.

• «Sevmash" (25,000 people., Severodvinsk) - construction of submarines.
• Shipyards of St. Petersburg: "Admiralty Shipyards" (the first company town of 8,000 people.) "Baltic Plant" (4000 pers.), "Severnaya Verf" (3500 pers.), "Mid-Nevsky" (approx. 1000 people.).
• manufacturing equipment for power: the Leningrad Metal Plant (in 2017 marks the 160th anniversary, produces turbines), "Electrosila" (generators), "Izhora Plants" (equipment for nuclear power plants, excavators).
• autoenterprise Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Hyundai, General Motors, MAN, Scania.
• LOMO (St. Petersburg) - optical instruments.
• Kirov Tractor Plant (8000 people). - Production of tractors "Kirovets", various equipment.

Southern FD

main driving force of mechanical engineering in the region is the production of agricultural machinery and equipment for the energy industry.TagAz major car manufacturers and the Volgograd Tractor Plant declared bankrupt.

• Engineering company "Rostselmash" (10,000 people., Rostov-on-Don) - production of combine harvesters "Don" and other agricultural equipment.
• «Red boilermaker" (4400 pax., Taganrog) - the largest manufacturer of boilers.
• «ATOMMASH" (Volgodonsk) - a leading supplier of equipment for nuclear power plants and CHP plants.
• ON "Barricades" (3300 pax., Volgograd) - a diversified company (artillery, missiles, equipment for nuclear power plants and the oil and gas industry).

Volga FD

in the region are well-known machine-building plants in Russia: AvtoVAZ, GAZ, "Tyazhmash" KamAZ, UAZ, "Kalashnikov" and others.Product range is vast: from the bearings (1/4 of the domestic market) to unique equipment for the power industry, from cars to airplanes.

• AvtoVAZ (52000 people., Tolyatti) - the flagship in the number of cars produced.
• «Tyazhmash" (7000 pax., Syzran) - equipment for the heavy industry.
• Autoworks group "GAS": Gorky Automobile Plant (small and medium-duty trucks, military vehicles, cars), "Pavlovsky Bus" (PAZ), Ulyanovsk Engine Plant and others.
• KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) - the leading manufacturer of domestic trucks.
• arms factory in Izhevsk: "Kalashnikov" (formerly "Izhmash", 4500 pers.), "IMZ" (7000 pers.).
• aviation industry of Bashkortostan: UMPO (21000 people., UFA) - aircraft engines, UPPO (Ufa) - Aviapribor, KumAPP (Kumertau) - manufacture and repair of helicopters series "KA".
• Perm Motors (12,000 people). - Missile and aircraft engines.
• MZ (7000 people., Perm) - weapons.
• UAZ (Ulyanovsk) - SUVs and vans.
• «Aviastar-SP" (10,000 people. Ulyanovsk) - the largest aircraft building plant (aircraft models, "Tu", "An", "IL").

Ural FD

Urals is no accident called the heart of the industry of Russia.The presence of rich mineral deposits and an important strategic location became prerequisites for placing large industrial enterprises are mainly associated with the processing of metals and defense industry.Engineering is a powerful center of Ekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil.

• «Uralvagonzavod» (27000 people., Nizhny Tagil) - one of the flagships of the domestic engineering industry.It produces a wide range of products: from freight cars to tanks.In the branch "Uraltransmash" (Ekaterinburg), self-propelled artillery systems produce and trams.
• «Uralmash" (14000 people., Ekaterinburg) - a leader in the production of drilling, mining, metallurgical equipment.
• Zeke (Yekaterinburg) - anti-aircraft missiles, groundscare.
• Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (13,000 people). - Tractors, road construction equipment, engines.
• Automobile Plant "Ural" (13500 people., Miass) - trucks.
• «Kurgan" (4800 pax., Kurgan) - Military equipment (infantry fighting vehicles, tractors).
• Zlatoust Machine Building Plant - rocketry.

Siberian Federal District

engineering production focused on the defense industry, aircraft construction and production of equipment for mining.Many of the core businesses are bankrupt or close to it.Industry in the region needs upgrading and support.

• Aerospace companies: NAPO.VPChkalov (6000 people., Novosibirsk) - production aircraft of "dry";"Polyot" (4500 pax., Omsk) - airplanes "An" satellites "GLONASS", rocket and space technology;Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant (6000 pers.) - One of the largest manufacturers of aircraft: helicopters "Mi" and planes "Su";Irkutsk Aviation Plant - planes "Su", "Yak", "MS", components for Airbus;"Information Satellite Systems" (8000 pax., Zheleznogorsk) - satellites for various purposes and communication systems.
• «Tyazhstankogidropress" (Novosibirsk) - a leading manufacturer of hydraulic presses, machine tools, pumps.
• Radiozavod them.Popov (Omsk) - Radio engineering and communication systems.
• «Altaivagon" (7000 pax., Novoaltaisk) - release of cars.
• LVRZ Machinery Enterprise (6000 people., Ulan-Ude) - manufacture and repair of locomotives and trains.

Far East Federal District

presented separately large enterprises:

• KnAAZ them.Gagarin (13500 people., Komsomolsk-on-Amur) - the country's leading airline.Available in the military (family "Su", "PAK FA") and civilian (Sukhoi Superjet) aircraft components for "Boeing".
• Enterprises shipbuilding and ship repair: Amur Shipyard (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) - previously released nuclear submarines now military and civilian court;"Dalzavod" (Vladivostok);Seaside Factory (Nakhodka), Nakhodka Shipyard.

Conclusion

Russian engineering is going through hard times.Despite the rather powerful industrial potential, most of the flagships of reduced production, many openly survive.Branch is in dire need of reform, modernization of machinery and equipment, a new approach to management.Meanwhile, the construction of new high-performance companies, mostly medium and small.Second Wind received plants producing military products.Show great interest in foreign partners, especially the automakers.With comprehensive support from the state and private enterprise engineering can make a much greater contribution to the economy.