What is altruism?Analyzing the importance of this concept can be found a few definitions that are contrary to each other.So, one of them describes him as a selfless assistance (peculiar to man), manifested in daily life: support the weak, parenting, education, philanthropy - that is a behavioral act aimed at the good of others, without taking into account their own interests.Other same notation altruism sees it from a scientific point of view, and identifies in it: the causes (it is believed that this behavior is inherent in animals as herd instinct);motifs person committing the act;selflessness influence the behavior of others;all sorts of perceived benefits from such actions and so forth.
As you can see, the question of the origin of the concept still remains unclear.However, still a common form of behavior in humans and animals to eat, and it is manifested in the feelings of parents.So what is altruism?The moral principle form of selfishness or instinct?
The very concept was proposed by the French philosopher Comte and expressed it a value that essentially the opposite of selfishness."Live for others" - that is what is meant by Comte's altruism.Meaning specifically understood as a limitation of self-interest for the common good.However, some treatments admitted that focusing on the happiness of the majority, the person may be causing themselves and a small number of people minor damage.Therefore, to avoid such assumptions developed moral codes that read "do no harm", "live and help others."
Here it becomes clear that such altruism.In it is a moral principle that commands accept the other person as an equal and to promote their well-being.But again, the question arises of who decides what is the benefit of another, if the two can not be defined with its own interests.It is also unclear how to deal with evil and unjust man?Or wicked men should not apply this principle?
Thus, to understand the nature and understand that such altruism, this phenomenon is made the subject of socio-psychological research, which analyzed the practical relations between people, their solidarity, caring, mutual aid, etc.As a result, there were some different opinions about it.
One of them proposed a number of altruistic standards, which address the human need to give and its social responsibility.First rate depends on experience - good for good, and the second of consciousness, that is, if someone depends on you, you must help him.Another view is that altruism - this behavior is caused by empathy (pleasant or unpleasant feeling at the sight of human suffering and a desire to help him).There is a concept identified with selfishness.Psychoanalysis considers altruism as a deliverance from guilt by completely unselfish act.In addition, they point out two motives for such behavior: moral duty and compassion.
