philosophy involves a lot of trends and directions.Every scientist once explained in his best category for your time.The theory of monads Leibniz is part of the dialectic - the doctrine of constant development, movement and changeability of the world.The famous philosopher, the representative of the German school, believed that the basis of peace and reason are God, that he created.That is the mind of God provides the content for the matter and becomes the source of its development.
What is a monad?
According to Leibniz, the whole world can be divided to the smallest elements - monads.Monad - is a special substance, which is easy, which is a part of a more complex element.This component of the world does not have the stretch, he was not there and did not die a natural way, it simply exists.Leibniz argued that Monad in philosophy - a substance endowed with the principle of activity and strength.This principle can be explained in terms of teleology (general subordination ultimate goals) and theology.In this regard, there is the idea that the universe is generated by God and yet they constantly directed to self-improvement and development of the rich forms.
Monad studied philosophy as a particle, which is associated with the infinite unity of the cosmos.Leibniz, as a representative of the dialectic, put forward the idea that nature is a set of relations of everything with everything, because the whole universe is the Monad.The philosophical direction shows connection of separate individual substances with a great environment.
Features substance
All items can be divided into monads.Their existence confirms complicated things that surround us and which we can learn in a practical way, we got some experience.The philosophical principle states that any complicated thing should be simple.For Leibniz monad - a spiritual atom, which has different parts and immateriality.The fact that these simple elements, means that they are not susceptible to decay and ceasing to exist as any other mortal substance.
Gateways monads closed, and in connection with such isolation, they do not affect the other, and they in turn do not affect them.They circulate in the space independently.This principle is not typical for the higher monads - the God who gives life and all the other elements harmonize their internal state.Preestablished harmony between simple substances is a living mirror image of the universe.Despite its simplicity, the Monad in philosophy - a phenomenon which has its own internal structure and the multiplicity of state.Such a condition or perception can not exist by itself, in contrast to particles of complex elements, and this confirms the ease substances.Perceptions are conscious and unconscious in nature.The second state is possible because of the small size of the monads.
Monad soul
Leibniz had his anthropological views on the matter.Scientists believe that human actions can be subjected to the influence of the unconscious.He also claimed that the monads and their condition is constantly changing.The reason for this - the internal activity of this element.
For Leibniz the human soul - the most important Monad.In philosophy, this direction is called monadology - reflection on the root cause of physical interaction between things.The human soul - is just one of the levels of the substance.
basic provisions monadology
whole universe can be divided into a large number of elements that have not dualistic nature as Descartes and Spinoza wrote, and continuously united.
Monad - is one, if you look at the translation of the Greek language.It is simple, indivisible and has no material substantive bases.
Monad is characterized by four qualities: ambition, desire, perception and performance.
essence of this element is the activity, activity.He is single and constantly changing its perception.
continued existence makes it possible to realize the monad itself.
This substance is completely closed and dependent on others just like it.
Types of monads of Leibniz
Leibniz, to summarize all his thoughts, shared monads into 4 classes:
- Naked Monad - is the one that is the basis of life of inorganic beings (stones, earth, minerals).
- animal Monad - the name is clear to whom it is peculiar.She has the feeling, but quite undeveloped consciousness.
- human monads or shower - a sensible substance.It does consciousness, memory, and unique ability - thinking.A person can learn about the world surrounding things, moral laws, values and eternal truths.
- highest level of monads - God.
Leibniz argued that all monads, except for fourth grade, have a connection with the body.Living creatures associated with two processes - the deployment of birth and death clotting, which in principle is the body as a collection of monads can not destroy.Under the body, he understood monads country, which is ruled by a perfect leader - the soul.As a philosopher, he was an idealist even denied the existence of matter, and in this regard, and disembodied.
Report on monadology
class monads indicates the degree of rationality and freedom - the higher it is, the higher the performance.Leibniz's theory can be extended to the entire world, to the remotest corners of it, all surrounding objects.Each individual Monad, unique, with its own characteristics, has its own character development.
