Siberia occupies a vast geographical area of Russia.Once it included neighboring countries such as Mongolia, Kazakhstan and China.Today this territory belongs to the purely Russian Federation.Despite the huge area of settlements in Siberia are relatively few.Much of the region is occupied by tundra and steppe.
Description Siberia
The whole area is divided into East and West Region.In rare cases, theologians define and South region, which is a mountainous area of the Altai.The area of Siberia is around 12.6 million square meters.km.This is about 73.5% of the total territory of the Russian Federation.Interestingly, the square Siberia more than the same Canada.
of the main natural areas, in addition to the Eastern and Western regions, allocate Baikal and the Altai Mountains.The largest rivers are Yenisei, Irtysh, Angara, Ob, Lena and Amur.The most important lake waters are considered to Taimyr, Baikal and Uvs Nuur.
From an economic point of view the centers of the region can be called such cities as Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Ulan-Ude, Tomsk, and others. The highest point of Siberia is considered Belukha - more than 4.5 thousand meters.
Population History The first inhabitants of the region historians call the tribes of Samoyeds.These people lived in the northern part.Due to the severe climate only occupation was herding.It feeds mainly on fish from the surrounding lakes and rivers.In southern Siberia, lived people of Mansi.Their favorite thing was hunting.Muncie traded furs, which is very highly regarded among Western merchants.
Turks - another significant population of Siberia.It dwells in the upper reaches of the Ob River.Engaged in forging fishing and animal husbandry.Many Turks were nomadic tribes.Just west of the mouth of the Ob Buryats living.They are famous for the extraction and processing of iron.
The largest ancient population of Siberia were Tungus tribes.They settled in the area from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Yenisei.In life earned reindeer herding, hunting and fishing.A more prosperous craft engaged.On the coast of the Chukchi Sea were located thousands of Eskimos.These tribes for a long time was the slow cultural and social development.Their only tools - a stone ax and spear.Primarily engaged in hunting and gathering.
In the 17th century there was a sharp jump in the development of Yakutia and Buryatia, as well as the northern Tartars.
Natives
population of Siberia to date amount to tens of people.Each of them, according to the Russian Constitution, has the right to national identity.Many nations of the Northern region even have autonomy within the Russian Federation with all its branches of government.This has contributed not only lightning-fast development of culture and economy of the region but also the preservation of local traditions and customs.
indigenous population of Siberia largely consists of Yakuts.Their numbers vary between 480,000 people.Most of the population is concentrated in the city of Yakutsk - the capital of Yakutia.
next largest nation are Buryats.There are more than 460 thousand people.It is the capital of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude.The main asset of the republic is considered to Lake Baikal.It is interesting that this region is recognized as one of the main Buddhist centers in Russia.
Tuvinians - the population of Siberia, which according to the latest census, population of about 264 thousand people.In the Republic of Tuva is still revered shamans.
almost equally among the population of such people as Altai and Khakassia: 72 thousand.The indigenous people of the district are committed to buddizma.U Nenets population of only 45 thousand people.They live on the Kola Peninsula.Throughout its history the Nenets nomads were known.Today, their priority is earning reindeer.
also live in Siberia nations such as the Evenki, Chukchi, Khanty, Shor, Mansi, Koryak, Selkups, Nanai, Tatars, Chuvans, Teleuts, chum, Aleuts, and many others.Each of them has its own centuries-old traditions and legends.
Population Dynamics
demographic component of the region varies significantly every few years.This is due to the massive relocation of young people in the southern city of Russia and the sharp jumps in fertility and mortality.Immigrants in Siberia are relatively few.The reason is the harsh climate and the specific conditions of life in the villages.
According to the latest data, the population of Siberia is about 40 million people.It is more than 27% of the total number living in the Russian people.By regions the population is distributed evenly.In the northern part of Siberia are no large settlements due to poor conditions for life.On average, one person is necessary to 0.5 square meters.km of land.
most populous cities are Novosibirsk and Omsk - 1.57 and 1.05 million inhabitants, respectively.Further, according to this criterion are located Krasnoyarsk, Barnaul and Tyumen.
peoples of Western Siberia
of the city accounts for about 71% of the total population of the region.Most of the population is concentrated in the Kemerovo and the Khanty-Mansi districts.Nevertheless, the agricultural center of the Western Region is considered to be the Republic of Altai.It is noteworthy that the Kemerovo Region has the highest population density - 32 people / sq. M.km.The population of Western Siberia is 50% of able-bodied people.Most of the employment is in the industry and agriculture.
The region has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country, except in the Tomsk region and Khanty-Mansiysk.
Today, the population of Western Siberia - a Russian, Khanty, Nenets, Turks.In religion there is Orthodox, Muslims, and Buddhists.
population of Eastern Siberia
share of urban residents varies between 72%.The most economic development is the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Irkutsk Region.In terms of agriculture the most important point in the region is considered Buryat okrug.S Every year the population of Eastern Siberia is getting smaller.Recently there has been a sharp negative dynamics of migration and fertility.There is also the lowest population density in the country.In some areas it is 33 square meters.km per person.Unemployment is high.
in the ethnic composition are such people, the Mongols, the Turks, Russian, Buryat, Evenki, Dolgan, chum, and others. Most of the population - the Orthodox and Buddhists.
