The internal and external policies of Gorbachev succinctly: table

The victory worldwide Marxist revolution in the second half of the eighties could only dream of incorrigible idealists romance.The naked eye can be sure of inefficiency command economy, and the absurdity of its results.The whole world, including the countries in which lower stages of development, sales experienced a problem of surplus goods, while the so-called "socialist camp" suffered from their lack.The Soviet Union, is theoretically rich state, in practice, could not feed its own population.At this critical moment came to power, people do not like the previous party leaders.The internal and external policies of Gorbachev resulted in a historically short period (of six years) to the destruction of almost everything that was created by three generations of Soviet people.I'm sorry if the secretary general or just the circumstances?

What kind of person

Gorbachev to the Soviet leader he was young.Accustomed to vague speeches of the leaders of the elderly citizens of the USSR at first listened with interest to the newly elected General Secretary of the CPSU, wondering, in general, the usual stuff - the ability to speak in Russian and without notes.In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was only 54 years old, according to the party-nomenclature standards - "Komsomolets".During the preceding mastering senior management positions, Gorbachev had many: graduate (1950), a combine work, enroll in Moscow State University law school, married (1953) to become a member of the Committee and take the post of party secretary in Stavropol (1955).This last point raises questions biographies: all done the previous many Soviet people, but to sit just two years after graduation in such a high chair - this is the focus in the style of Houdini.Well, okay, maybe a young man (22 years old) and really grab the stars from the sky.In addition, the Secretary, he was not the first, and to pursue a career, had to finish another institution - agricultural - and work in the Komsomol.

Choosing a new Secretary General

Mikhail Sergeyevich always "properly understood" party foreign and domestic policy.Gorbachev noted, in 1978, it "took" in Moscow, where he began his career a major party.He became secretary of the Central Committee, which is also not the first and not the general.Since 1982, she began the notorious "race to the carriages."For mausoleum (in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis) took Brezhnev, then Andropov, Chernenko him, and the question of who is put on the responsible position to interrupt the mourning marathon.And Gorbachev chose.He was the youngest contender.

first years

Clearly, the appointment does not happen just like that.Always struggling for power, even with one foot in the grave.Young and seemingly promising party member noticed prominent Communist leaders, he supported himself Gromyko, Ligachev and Ryzhkov and saw him as the savior of the ideas of the founders.

His protege of Mikhail Gorbachev for the first time, did not disappoint.He acted within the given framework, strengthening self-supporting relationship, campaigned for acceleration, in general, the first two years, and foreign and domestic policies of Gorbachev remained within the permissible deviations from the party line is constantly fluctuating.In 1987, there were some changes, seemingly insignificant, but in reality threaten tectonic shifts.The party allowed some types of private entrepreneurship, while limiting its cooperative movement.In fact, it was undermining the foundations of the socialist, the revisionism of clean water, a kind of NEP, but the results achieved in the 20s, again in the '80s failed.This internal policy Gorbachev did not lead to improving the lives of the general population and improve economic performance, but the ferment of minds led to undermine the ideological foundations of the Soviet society.

Instead of filling the market with cheap consumer goods and improve service in catering was some outrage.Cooperative cafes were available only for the same "kooperativschikov" and their economic opponents - reketirov (simpler extortionists).Products no longer was, to adapt to the new conditions managed a relatively small stratum of people adventurous character.But all this was just the beginning ...

in the fight against "green dragon" wins snakes

first truly serious blow to the Soviet power, Gorbachev paid by issuing a decree Temperance.The bundle on the haves and not very poverty of store assortment, rising prices and a lot more people could forgive loquacious secretary general.But he encroached on the habitual way of life of the masses, to become a natural way of escaping from the gray Soviet reality.Such internal policies of Gorbachev turned from him, a significant portion of the population.No doubt, the need to fight against alcoholism, but the methods were completely unacceptable, and alternative ways of entertainment was no more.There were, of course, video (again, cooperative), which for a small fee spun all sorts of "Emmanuel", from the windows of private "recording studios" sounded "Tender May", but for the lack of strong drinks in the store it all could not.But the bootleggers and sellers rectified failed.

economic situation and its impact on the West

long struggled with communism, seeing it as a threat to its existence.In fact, in the 80s it was not an ideological confrontation - hope that theoretical research leaders of the USSR issued huge numbers could shake the foundations of a market economy, was not necessary.Western countries were afraid of threats less sophisticated - nuclear missiles, for example, or submarines.There were at the same time their leaders are not very logical: they undermine the economic foundations of the Soviet Union, playing on lowering the price of oil and gas.This led to the budget deficit and, consequently, to an increase in the risk of accidents of nuclear facilities.The Chernobyl accident happened, the war in Afghanistan continued, bled and without that poor budget.Domestic and foreign policy Gorbachev briefly characterized at the time as a pro-Western.Dissidents released with honor and received in the Kremlin.Destroyed short- and medium-range harassing Western Europe (Treaty of 1987).All this was done internally, but passed off as goodwill gestures.

Separatism

Calculation friendly understanding on the West and its aid is not justified.Even more pathetic looked internal policies of Gorbachev.Briefly it can be described in one word: "helplessness".Separatist sentiment, fueled by foreign intelligence agencies, reached its climax.A series of ethnic conflicts (Tbilisi, Baku, Nagorno-Karabakh, the Baltic States) have not met rebuff - no ideological or, in extreme cases, the power.Society, exhausted in the struggle against poverty, has been demoralized.Internal policy of Gorbachev could not rely on internal resources and external material feeding, she did not receive.As luck would have it, there was an earthquake in Armenia.The Soviet Union, has recently seemed unshakable, cracked at the seams.Nationalist movements developed rapidly in Ukraine, Moldova, and Central Asian republics within the Russian Federation.In all this orgy gazed helplessly leadership, throwing up his hands and verbose commenting on what is happening bloodshed.

Restructuring

Internal policy of Gorbachev briefly defined his own words "perestroika" and "democratization".Any superintendent knows that change the load-bearing structure of the building is not possible if there are people, but the Secretary-General believes otherwise.And flew bricks on their heads ... enterprises operating for decades, suddenly turned unprofitable.The state manages even gold mines produce at a loss.Over the country loomed ominous specter of unemployment.Calls to "make everyone in his place his work in good faith" sounded too abstract.The discontent of the population grew and captures all the broader social weight - from staunch supporters of socialism, was indignant unprecedented ideological concessions to the supporters of liberal values, to complain about the lack of freedoms.By the end of the eighties has matured a systemic crisis, which was largely to blame himself Mikhail Gorbachev.Internal policies pursued by them proved to be ineffective and controversial.

foreign policy success

in 1989, is an association of power in one person.Secretary General and head of the Supreme Council, trying to somehow take control of the activities of people's choices, too "rambunctious".The success of this action is not crowned, volitional qualities of the head, which became the next year by the President of the Soviet Union (in fact, the self-titled) is clearly not enough.

illogical and contradictory, and suffered internal and foreign policy of Gorbachev.Briefly it can be described as saving claims to superpower without means of actual confirmation of this status.

Soviet troops leave Afghanistan, but the backbone of the economy has coerced by, and it does not save the situation.Nevertheless, Gorbachev appears a lot of foreign friends - presidents, prime ministers and persons of royal blood.These are the president of the Soviet pleasant companion, sweet person, at least, they characterize it as an interview.Such is the internal and external policies of Gorbachev, it can be briefly defined as the desire to be pleasant in all respects.

concessions to the West

authority of the USSR in the world is rapidly declining, with the opinion of the Soviet leader cease to be considered not only the US, but also small countries bordering the Union, and more recently refers to a great neighbor, at least, with caution.

notorious NATO's eastward expansion began in the late Gorbachev years.The weakening of the position of the Union on the international scene turned against him former satellites around the world, and especially Eastern.Lack of resources forced the Soviet government to cut back first, and then completely cut off aid regimes conducting anti-imperialist (or anti-American) policy.There was even a new term: "new thinking", with the accent on the first syllable as if we are talking about some kind of mouse.At least, so he pronounced Gorbachev.Domestic and foreign policy (a table of events preceding the collapse of the world socialist system is shown below) is bursting at the seams ...

Such was (as understood Gorbachev) domestic and foreign policy.Table of achievements in the field of state reform is no less depressing:

In the history of the Soviet Union there are fewexamples that led to such disastrous consequences, as the domestic policies of Gorbachev.The table clearly shows that in all three main areas of reform of the result was unsuccessful.

Final

attempted coup, called the coup, launched in August 1991, he demonstrated the complete impotence of the supreme power to the terrible realities of the millennium.Domestic policy of Mikhail Gorbachev, the weak and inconsistent, has resulted in a short time to the disintegration of the Soviet Union fifteen fragments, mostly suffering "phantom pains" post-communist period.The consequences of the concessions in the international arena felt today.