The area of the Don Cossacks history.

Don Cossack army occupied the territory of the region of the Don Cossacks.In our time, these lands are located Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk, Voronezh region and Kalmykia.Though Rostov was joined here in the last instance, most of the documents on population and history of the area is preserved in its museums and archives.

History of the Don Cossacks

date of formal education is considered to be the Don troops time to the first written source, which has been preserved to this day.It is about reading and writing of Ivan the Terrible, in which he asks Michael Ataman Cherkashenina obedience after the king Novosiltsev guide to Constantinople.His path took over the Don.For this government promised to grant the Cossacks.Date of ratification - January 3, 1570.Although it is obvious that the Cossack Union, Region of the Don Cossacks were formed much earlier.Because otherwise not just the king to whom it would apply.

But the document shows that from that time Don Cossacks officially guarded the southern border of the kingdom.At the end of the XVI century, it occupied the territory to the border with a total length of about 800 kilometers.It was located on the banks of the Don and its tributaries.And after a century of Don Cossacks Army Region were the main armed force, fought with Turkish and Polish invaders.During their service they received money, gunpowder, lead, cloth and bread.

autonomy and self-government

Don Cossacks gradually split into two groups: thrifty and golutvennye.The former were mostly old-timers and placed on the lower lands, the latter were displaced and settled in the upper reaches of the river.Prior to the beginning of the XVIII century.Areas of land of the Don Cossacks were autonomous and were under the control of army circle and elected executive bodies.Before going to the elections took place chieftain, having unlimited power.The army was divided into hundreds and fifty, which were led by centurions, Pentecostals and cornet.After Bulavin uprising the Don Cossack Host was subordinated to the Military Collegium.

Since 1763 Cossack service became mandatory to have a life in nature.The war of 1773-1775 was the peasants ending the autonomy of the Cossacks.Don took the king's troops.But this was not the end of their "svoevolnichestva", which lasted for a long time after that.

non-self-Don

1769-1775 year - the formation of Cossack command Petersburg pyatisotennogo Legion and the Army Don Ataman Regiment.

1797 - Don Cossack artillery base.A year after the release of this took place in a separate regiment of Cossacks, and they became like the army ranks.Then equating the salaries of the Cossacks took to the payment of the corresponding ranks.

In 1798-1800 years Cossack elders received the same rights as the Russian nobility and serfs acquired.There were following innovations:

introduction of a 30-year term of military service;
definition troop sets;
introduction of the post of army sergeant as the assistant to the regimental commander, his deputy;
division of clothing for military and everyday home.

Reform 1835

Innovation 1835 provided for each Cossack share of 30 acres.But in 1916 the size has been reduced to 11, and a comfortable land was only 9.8 acres of land.In the early twentieth century, more than half of the Cossack families were forced to rent these holdings in order to pay debts for military equipment.Only a fifth of households had at the time of prosperity.

After the reform of 1835 in the military and civil section, all the Cossacks.The area of the Don Cossacks had expected the following changes:

re;
section of the military areas;
mandatory conscription of the male population from 18 to 43 years old;
ban settlements in the army of strangers;
transformation of the Cossacks in a closed estate with a lifetime membership in it;
approval of the new troop kit.

Adoption Don Army Region

In 1874, took the statement of the new internal management staff.It consisted of a troop of staff, the management of individual departments and the military artillery.1875 - introduction of the official name of the area of the Don Cossacks.In the same year there was a reduction of military service to 20 years.

During the reign of Alexander III of the Don Host (Donetsk area) has been attached to the local authority of Taganrog and Rostov district.Of these, we made new civic district.In the same year there was the abolition of the posts of atamans departments.