names of 20 towers of the Kremlin did not even know all Muscovites, although the citadel and its walls Veigy - one of the main attractions of not only the capital, but throughout the vast country.
answer to any question
history and cause of the towers, the appearance of a name, the role of each of them in the history of the capital, are in school.But over time, the names are forgotten.It is good that today, all the information about them are widely available, and any time you can get answers to any questions, for example, located tower of the Moscow Kremlin, the names of all vezhey to what portion of the walls of any one of them is how to useand so on.
One business cards
long life (the first mention of a wooden castle belongs to 1156), the country's most important fortress is very interesting.The Kremlin is in line with world historical monuments like the Great Wall, the Tower of London, the outlines of the demolished Bastille, the Egyptian pyramids.On Earth, an infinite number of attractions, but significant, momentous objects are not so many.Very few people do not know the Spasskaya Tower, and only a few at first glance do not recognize a symbol of Moscow, the capital of the vast Russian.But for the Russians, especially Muscovites, who always goes on tour in the center of the capital, familiar main tower of the Moscow Kremlin.The names of each of them taught to 3rd grade, but many preschoolers can transfer without hesitation, if not all 20, the most significant of them, and not just those that go to the Red Square.
unique structures
biggest fortress of the country, located on the Borovitsky hill has always been the center of social and political life of the state, and for most of the history of Russia was here the residence of the rulers of the country.This is the heart derzhavy.Krome of extraordinarily beautiful castle.Millions of tourists from around the world not only want to see one of the wonders of the world, but also to get acquainted with its history - in what century erected these walls who, origin of the name - "Kremlin".Tower of the Moscow Kremlin are of particular interest - they have no analogues in the world, they differ from each other.And only in the second half of the XVII century, some of them are kept in the same architectural style.
essence name
In Ancient Russia to the XIV century, the city, surrounded by walls with towers, battlements, was called "Detinets" later appear the names of chrome, cream, kremnik, kremlevnik.The origin of the term "Kremlin" has several versions, but they all refer to the heavily fortified, inaccessible place.Located in the impenetrable forest or inaccessible slope, it is often washed by the river, or is surrounded by a moat filled with water.And any castle surrounded by high walls.
impregnable fortress
diagram below with the names of the Moscow Kremlin towers demonstrates how well the place was chosen for one of the oldest Russian fortresses - irregular triangle with one side protected by the Moscow River.In the old days with the other side, there is now the Alexander Garden, the wall was protected by the river Neglinnaya.Along the edges of the third triangle, facing the Red Square, was a deep ditch filled with water.In addition, the scheme of the Moscow Kremlin towers with the names shows that the angular Vezhi (Old Russian name of the towers) at the base of his have a circular shape, while the rest - the square.
subtleties of building fortifications
This form of defensive fortification tower is the reception, a trick which consists in the fact that from the rounded walls of the shells of the enemy guns ricochet and fired from it could lead round.With the capture of the fortress is considered to be a priority angular tower of the Moscow Kremlin.Their names are as follows - Vodovzvodnaya (Sviblova, Southwest), Beklemishevskaya (known as Moskvoretskaya, southeast corner) and the most powerful Kremlin Tower - Corner Arsenal (Sobakina) tower, trailing a line of defense walls from the Red Square.It controlled a crossing over the river Neglinnaya.
Northeast section of the Kremlin wall
Each of these fortifications intended for specific purposes.Plan of the Moscow Kremlin towers with the name demonstrates that all Vezhi located by the Red Square, from the Corner Arsenal to Beklemishev (clockwise) contain, in addition to these two, six buildings of this type.It Nikolskaya and Senate, Spasskaya and Imperial, Nabatnaya and Constantine and Helen Tower.
Towers southern and north-western sides
From Beklemishev to Water Tower, that is, on a plot of the Kremlin wall that runs along the Moscow River, in addition to corner, is five vezh - Peter and the Second Nameless, First Nameless, Taynitskaya and Annunciation.Third party irregular triangle, running along the river diverted into a pipe Neglinnoy from previous segments differ only surviving branch strelnitsa called Kutafya tower, which is connected by bridge to the highest Kremlin vezhey - Trinity.Also Vodovzvodnaya corner and Arsenal, and Trinity Kutafia, on this segment are Borovitskaya and Armory, Commandant and Middle Arsenal Tower.
Various throughout
All towers of the Moscow Kremlin, the names of which have been listed above, were built at different times of the Italian masters, while Named "fryazhskie."The very first Taynitskaya was erected in 1485.Over the next decade, it was put into operation all the fortifications (the latest in 1495 was built Trinity), except for the smallest of the Royal, built in 1680. The second most important - the Trinity - is the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin.It changed names several times.However, almost all of the tower during its existence were called in different ways, but the two are anonymous.Epiphany and Rizopolozhensky, Znamenskoye and Kuretnaya - so at different intervals of time called the original Trinity Tower, which reaches a height of 80 meters.
Reasons name
himself studied the Kremlin is not until the end, it holds many mysteries.Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, the names of which sounds particularly strange to the ear of modern man before, as a rule, were called differently.But the modern names, if you penetrate, quite understandable - the Savior is so called because it was on the icon of the Savior, Vodovzvodnaya - a special device because water from the Moscow River arriving at the top and then distributed around the Kremlin.The name "Royal" speaks for itself - the king there (especially enjoyed making Ivan the Terrible) to monitor events in the Red Square.
itself
Nikolskaya tower, falling outside the general Kremlin ensemble and architecture and color, so called because it was stored in the icon of St. Nicholas.This tower is very interesting fate - by her in the Kremlin included the militia under the control of Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin.It burned in 1737, her running away from the Kremlin, the French blew up.But all these misfortunes never suffered an icon of St. Nicholas - in the explosion, which passed the windows on adjacent streets, it does not even cracked the glass.
simple name
Why and how are called the Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, learn extremely interesting.And how wonderful that nowadays can easily get acquainted with the history of any of them.For example, Beklemishevskaya Tower: Why is it called?After all, its other name - "Moskvoretskaya" - it was clear and understandable: it is on the Moscow River.Beklemishevskaya as Sviblovskaya (Vodovzvodnaya) are so called because the courts boyars Beklemisheva Sviblovo and directly adjacent to the Kremlin in these places.The Kremlin itself, and everything connected with it - sacred and symbolic place for all Russians.
