In the last months of the war, Boris Pasternak was often invited to the Moscow University, the Polytechnic Museum and the House of Scientists, where he publicly read his poem.Therefore, he hoped that the victory of a significant impact on the political climate.But a bitter disappointment awaited him: the leaders of the Writers' Union attacks continued.He could not forgive the increasing popularity among foreign readers.
started on a novel
idea of the novel "Doctor Zhivago", history of which began at the very beginning of the creative ways Pasternak, long formed in the mind of the poet.But in the fall of 1945, bringing together all the images, thoughts, intonation, he realized that he was ready to start work on the product.And the story is so clearly formed in a single line, that the poet hoped that writing a novel, he will take a few months.
can say that in February 1946 represents the start of work on the novel of Pasternak.After all, when was written the poem "Hamlet", opening the final chapter of "Doctor Zhivago."
And in August, the first chapter was ready.He read her close friends.But on Aug. 14 came "the most" Decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of the journals "Zvezda" and "Leningrad".Although the direct relation to Pasternak it did not have (it affected the fate of Anna Akhmatova and Zoshchenko), this event has given rise to a new round of fighting "ideologically alien" of the author.Even more his situation was aggravated when the rumors about a possible candidacy for Pasternak the Nobel Prize.
Work on the first chapter
However, the author did not stop work.The novel "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak so carried away that by the end of December two more chapters were completed.And the first two were rewritten to clean copy sheets which were sewn in a notebook.
known that originally the name was different: "Boys and girls".Thus the author referred to his work in the early stages of creating.It was not only a description of the historical image of Russia in the first half of the XX century, but also the expression of subjective opinions on Pasternak's place of man in the formation of the world, art and politics, and so on. D.
In the same 1946 the poet meets a woman whowas his last love.It was Olga Ivinskaya.At the beginning of dating, she served as Secretary.Barriers between them was enough.This past tragedies and current life circumstances.Ivinskaya first husband committed suicide, the second too, was dead.But Pasternak at the time was the second time married, he had children.
Their love was in spite of everything.Many times they parted forever, but live apart and could not.Pasternak himself admitted that it was Olga traits he put the image of the heroine of the novel - Lara Guichard.
Break
difficult financial situation forced Pasternak to interrupt work on the novel "Doctor Zhivago".History of creation continued in the next, in 1948.And the whole 1947 translated the poet minutes, because he had to provide not only themselves, but also all those caring for someone voluntarily shouldered.This own family, and Nina Tabidze (wife of repressed Georgian poet), Ariadne and Anastasia (daughter and sister of the poet), and the widow of Andrei Bely, and finally the children Olga Ivinskaya.
summer of 1948 was completed the fourth chapter of the novel.Then the author gave a final product name: "Doctor Zhivago."The content has been structured part is also entitled.Next
also followed a long break.He was associated, first, with the arrest of Olga Ivinskaya in which Pasternak blamed himself.Secondly, with the growing oppression of him.
he finished only seventh chapter to the spring of 1952.In the autumn it was printed without corrections.Thus ended the work on the first book of the novel "Doctor Zhivago".Author few days later survived a myocardial infarction, has been hospitalized and was in hospital for more than two months.There, as in critical condition, he suddenly felt a closeness with the Creator.This feeling affected the mood of his works.
After the death of Stalin and Beria's execution there was a noticeable revival of the literary life.Yes, and Boris Pasternak perk, especially since Olga Ivinskaya returned from the camps.In 1954 he published ten poems of the unfinished novel.
Completion "Doctor Zhivago»
the autumn of 1954, Pasternak and Ivinskaya renewed intimacy.Summer 1955 Olga held near Peredelkino.There are so withdrew to her house.He could not quite leave her family.Tormented unbearable guilt to his wife, he led a double life.Since that time Olga almost entirely engaged in cash, editorial and publishing works of Pasternak.Now BL had more time for creativity.In July, he was already working on an epilogue.The final touches were made to the end of 1955.
further fate of the novel
Hoping for liberalizing views Pasternak offers manuscript to two publishers at the same time.Also, in order to familiarize Boris Leonidovich gave the manuscript to the correspondent radio, Italian Sergio D'Angelo, who was a part-time literary agent publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli.Most likely, so this fact was known.Soon he received the expected news from the Italian publisher who offered to publish the novel.Pasternak accepted the offer, but was convinced that in his native country soon publish his work ("Doctor Zhivago").The history of the novel so interesting, that is full of unexpected twists.None of the magazines did not give an answer, and in September Pasternak received a formal rejection of the publishing house "New World."
poet did not give up and still believe in the success of the novel at home.Indeed, Goslitizdat took to publish the novel "Doctor Zhivago".But the event itself was delayed because of the numerous amendments and withdrawals editors.Suddenly, a few verses and two chapters of "Doctor Zhivago" Polish magazine published Opinie.This was the beginning of the scandal.On Pasternak crushed, forced to withdraw the manuscript from Feltrinelli.Boris Leonidovich has sent a telegram to the Italian publisher, which require the return of the text of the novel.However, behind the Writers' Union Pasternak simultaneously transmits the Feltrinelli on the publication of the novel "Doctor Zhivago".The author gave the nod to the original text.
Even talking chief persecutor Pasternak, A. Surkov, he has not changed with the Italian decision to publish the novel.Also, other countries have already prepared for the release of the first copies of the work.
Western reaction to the novel "Doctor Zhivago".The history of the tragedy ended
reaction of Western critics was so resonant that Pasternak again want to push for the Nobel Prize.The author was very encouraged by the attention of foreign readers and gladly respond to e-mail messages from all over the world.October 23, 1958, he received a telegram with the news of the awarding of the Nobel Prize, and its invitation to the presentation.
clear that the Writers' Union was against the trip, and Pasternak received a direct order to give the prize.Pasternak did not accept this ultimatum, and as a result, was excluded from membership of the Union of Soviet Writers.
last line
Boris Leonidovich was so exhausted mentally and brought to the point that, nevertheless changed his mind and refused to award.But it does not reduce a flurry of angry statements in his address.Therefore I understand that this scandal may turn to him even more serious consequences.He suffered greatly.His feelings he expressed in one of the last poems.This poem was a response to all attacks and angry discussion.But at the same time the last lines again talked about the personal: the break with Olga, for which he yearned.
Soon Pasternak had a heart attack.And three weeks later on 30 May 1960, Boris Leonidovich died.
Life and Fate Pasternak is one of the most remarkable in the history of our literature, with its tragedy and heroism.
Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago": summary
The novel describes the events of 1903-1929 years.The protagonist is a doctor.This is a man with a very creative views and interesting character.Difficulties in life touched him in his childhood, when first his father left the family, later committed suicide, and at age 11, he lost his mother.It is, in fact, there is a doctor Zhivago.Yuri Zhivago lived not very long, but very rich life.His life was a few women, but love is only one.Her name is Lara Guichard.Fate gave him very little time to be together.Difficult time obligations to other people, the circumstances of life - everything was against their love.Yuri died in 1929 of a heart attack.But later finds his stepbrother recording and poems that make up the final part of the novel.
on storylines of the novel is largely influenced by the fact how difficult his work wrote Boris Pasternak."Doctor Zhivago", a summary of which does not give the full experience of this great work, was very warmly received by the West, and so cruelly rejected by the Soviet Union.Therefore, every Russian should read this wonderful novel, and to feel the spirit of the Russian people.
