There is no absolutely isolated from the other knowledge of science.All are closely intertwined with each other.The task of any teacher or teacher - the most open these interdisciplinary relationship.In this article we will consider the relation of geography to other sciences.
Interscience communication - what is it?
Interscience (or interdisciplinary) communication - is the relationship between the individual disciplines.During the training process, they should be set teacher (teacher) and students.Identifying these relationships provides a better assimilation of knowledge and contributes to more efficient use of them in practice.Therefore, the teacher needs to focus attention on this issue in the study of any science.
Identify interdisciplinary connections - an important factor in building a meaningful and quality education system.After all, their awareness of the pupil allows him a deeper understanding of the subject and the particular problems of science.
science that studies nature
system of sciences studying nature, includes physics, biology, astronomy, ecology, geography and chemistry.They are called natural scientific disciplines.Perhaps the most important place among them belongs to physics (in fact, even the term translates as "nature").
relationship of geography to other sciences studying nature is obvious, because all of them - a common object of study.But why it is studied different disciplines?
thing is that knowledge of nature is very multifaceted, it includes many different sides and aspects.And one of his science to comprehend and describe simply unable to.That is why historically formed several disciplines who study the different processes, objects and phenomena in the world around us.
Geography and other sciences
Interestingly, until the XVII century earth science was a unified and coherent.But over time, the accumulation of new knowledge, the object of her study of increasingly complex and differentiated.Soon split by geography biology, geology and then.Later, a few of earth sciences became independent.At this time, based on the study of various components of the geographical envelope formed and strengthened ties with other sciences of geography.
Today in the structure of geography appears no less than fifty different disciplines.Each of them has its own methods of research.In general, the geography is divided into two large sections:
- Physical Geography.
- socio-economic geography.
first studying natural processes and objects, and the second - the phenomena that occur in society and the economy.Often the connection between the two narrow disciplines from different sections of the teaching may not be traced.
On the other hand, due to the geography of the other sciences is very close.Thus, the most intimate and "family" for her are:
- physics;
- biology;
- ecology;
- mathematics (especially geometry);
- history;
- economy;
- chemistry;
- cartography;
- medicine;
- sociology;
- demography and others.
And at the intersection of geography and other sciences can often form a completely new discipline.So, for example, there geophysics, geochemistry or medical geography.
Physics and Geography: the relationship between the sciences
Physics - is, in fact, is pure science of nature.This term is found in the works of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who lived even in IV-III of Art.BC.That is why the relationship of geography and physics are very close.
essence of atmospheric pressure, wind, or the emergence of features of formation of glacial landforms - to reveal all these themes is very difficult, without resorting to the knowledge gained in the classroom physics.In some schools, even the practice of conducting integrated lessons, which are organically woven physics and geography.
connection between these two disciplines within the school helps students a deeper understanding of course material and concretise their knowledge.In addition, it can become an instrument of formation of informative interest at students to "adjacent" to science.For example, a student who had not really get along with physics, can suddenly fall in love with her on one of the lessons of geography.This is another important aspect and the use of interdisciplinary connections.
biology and geography
Communication geography and biology, perhaps the most obvious.Both sciences study nature.That's just biology focuses on living organisms (plants, animals, fungi and micro-organisms) and geography - on its abiotic components (rocks, rivers, lakes, climate and so on. N.).But as the relationship between the living and non-living components of nature very close, which means that the scientific data and a priori linked.
at the intersection of biology and geography formed a completely new discipline - biogeography.The main object of her study - biogeocoenoses, which interact and biotic and abiotic components of the environment.
These two sciences also integrates environmental management.Finding the right answer to a geography and biology are consolidating all their efforts.
Ecology and Geography
These two are so closely intertwined science that sometimes the subject of their research, even identified.The solution to any environmental problem is simply impossible without reference to the aspects of geography.
Especially strong is the relationship of ecology with physical geography.It resulted in the formation of an entirely new science - Geoecology.For the first time this term introduced by Carl Troll in 1930.It is a comprehensive applied discipline that studies the structure, properties and processes that take place in the human environment and other living organisms.
One of the key tasks of geo-ecology is the search and development of methods for environmental management, as well as the assessment of the prospects for sustainable development of specific regions or territories.
Chemistry and Geography
Another discipline in the class of Natural Sciences, which has close ties with geography - it's chemistry.In particular, it interacts with the geography of soils and soil science.
based on any of these links and develop new scientific branch.This is, first and foremost, geochemistry, hydrochemistry, atmospheric chemistry and geochemistry of landscapes.The study of some of the topics of geography is simply impossible without adequate knowledge of chemistry.First of all, we are talking about the following issues:
- distribution of chemical elements in the earth's crust;
- chemical structure of soil;
- soil acidity;
- chemical composition of water;
- salinity of ocean water;
- aerosols in the atmosphere and their origin;
- migration of substances in the lithosphere and hydrosphere.
assimilation of the material the students will be more effective in terms of integrated lessons based labs or classrooms chemistry.
Mathematics and Geography
relationship between mathematics and geography, there are very close.For example, to teach a person to use the geographical map or plan of the area without basic mathematical knowledge and skills possible.
Communication Mathematics geography manifested in the existence of the so-called geographical objectives.This assignment:
- a certain distance on the map;
- to determine the scale;
- the calculation of the height of the mountains on the temperature gradients or pressure gradients;
- on calculations of demographic indicators and the like.
addition, the geography in their research often uses mathematical methods: statistic, correlation, balance, modeling method (including a computer), and others.If we talk about economic geography, the math and do can be called its "half-sister".
Cartography and Geography
connection between these two disciplines, no one should cause no doubt.After the card - is the language of geography.Without cartography this science is simply inconceivable.
There is even a special method of research - mapping.He is getting the right information from the scientist to different cards.Thus, a map of the conventional product of geography becomes a source of important information.This research method is used in many exercises: in biology, history, economics, demography and so on.
History and geography
"History is geography in time and geography - is the story in the space."This extremely accurate idea was expressed by Jean-Jacques advertisements.
history associated exclusively with social geography (social and economic).Thus, the study population and the economy of a particular country can not ignore the history of it.Thus, a young geographer priori should in general understand the historical processes that occur in a certain area.
Recently, among scientists there are ideas on the full integration of these two disciplines.And some universities have long been established adjacent specialty "History and Geography".
Economics and Geography
Geography and economics are also very close.In fact, the result of the interaction between these two sciences is the emergence of an entirely new discipline called economic geography.
If ekonomteorii key question is "what and for whom to produce", the economic geography primarily interested in something else: how and where they are produced, or other benefits?And this science is trying to find out why the production of a product is established in the (specific) part of the country or region.
Economic geography was born back in the middle of the XVIII century.Her father can be regarded as the greatest scientist Mikhail Lomonosov, who coined the term in 1751.First, economic geography was purely descriptive.Then, in the scope of her interests included the problems of accommodation of productive forces and urbanization.
Today, economic geography includes several specialized disciplines.It:
- geography industry;
- agriculture;
- transport;
- infrastructure;
- tourism;
- geography services.
In conclusion ...
All sciences are connected with each other to a greater or lesser extent.Relations with other sciences of geography is also quite close.Especially when it comes to disciplines such as history, physics, chemistry, biology, economics and ecology.
One of the challenges of the modern teacher - show the student to identify and interdisciplinary communication on concrete examples.This is an extremely important condition for building a quality education system.Because of the complexity of knowledge depends the effectiveness of its application for solving practical problems.
