correct sentence structure in English is not possible without knowledge of the basic laws of formation of their structure.Thus, in the Russian language to describe any situation enough to take involved in her words (the names of concepts, objects, and so forth.) And connect them together with the help of endings formed by declination of case and number.However, English is deprived of these endings, therefore the correct description of the situation can be achieved only if the arrangement of words in sentences in a certain way.
Simple sentences and their classification
simple English sentences are divided into two types - non-proliferation and spread.The first consists only of subject and predicate.It is important to the subject in the first place, and the predicate - in the second.For example: «The bus stopped» («The bus stopped").
second type of simple sentences, in addition to the main members, suggests the occurrence of secondary (addition, determining factor).Construction of the proposals in the English language using the secondary allows the members to explain the basic situation.For example: «The yellow bus stopped at the station» («Yellow bus stopped at the station").In this case, the first part of the sentence a minor (yellow) appears and explains the definition of the subject (the bus), and the second - a circumstance places (at the station) and refers to the predicate (stopped).
declarative sentences: a scheme for constructing
As mentioned above, the end of the English words remain the same, so every word must be on a strictly space provided for (this is called the direct word order).Otherwise, the essence of the proposal will be distorted, and a person who has read it, get wrong, sometimes even opposite to, information.And if the Russian language, we can say: "Yesterday I went to the movies," "I went to the movies yesterday" or "Yesterday I went to the cinema", - the existing scheme offers English do not permit.
While in the Russian language will understand the essence of the situation, even if the words are interchanged, English is different.For example, regardless of whether we say in Russian "Jack hit Jim" or "Jim hit Jack", the information is received correctly.But the English are two such proposals as «Jack hit Jim» and «Jim hit Jack» are opposites value.The first means "Jack hit Jim", and the second - "Jim hit Jack."To avoid such confusion, it is necessary to build sentences in English produce as follows: in the first place to put the subject on the second - the predicate, the third - and fourth addition - a circumstance.For example: «We do our work with pleasure».Valid also is placing the circumstances of time and place before the subject, for example: «At the moment I am cooking dinner».
Negative sentences with not
negative sentences in English have the following structure:
- subject.
- Home predicate.
- negative particle not.
- End predicate.
- nominal part of the predicate.
Examples include the following negative sentences in the English language: «I'm not reading the book» («I do not read the book") or «I have not seen Kelly in a while» («I have not seen a Kelly= time not very long ago I saw Kelly ").
If in negative sentences using verbs in the Present Simple or Past Simple, they are meant to «do / does / did + basic form."For instance, «I do not like mouses» («I do not like mice»), «She does not need help» («She did not need help") or «Steven did not look tired» («Stephen did not look tired").
negative sentences using negative words
make proposals in English negative type can not only using the particles not, but in another way.It is about building a structure containing negative words, which include the following: nobody (no), never (never), nothing (nothing), none (no), nowhere (nowhere).
example: «Nobody wanted to bring chair» («No one wanted to bring a chair").It should be noted that in one English sentence can not contain both the particle, and the negative word.Thus, the phrase "I do not know" in English translates as «I know nothing», and in any case «I do not know nothing».
Interrogative sentences
Interrogative sentences may be presented in the form of general and specific questions.For general questions suggest the answer is "yes / no".For example: «Did you like the book?» («Did you like the book?") Or «Have you ever been in the Paris?» («Have you ever been to Paris?").As for the specific questions, make suggestions in the English language of this type may be necessary when it is necessary to obtain more specific information on a given issue - the color, time, title, subject, length and so on.For example: «What is your favorite movie?» («What is your favorite movie?") Or «How long is the flight to Prague?» («How to fly to Prague?").
In case of a predicate verb to have or to be common questions are constructed as follows: first, the verb, and then the subject.In the case where the predicate comprises modal or auxiliary verb, before the subject is placed by him.In cases where the predicate verb in the Present and Past Simple is necessary to use do / does, or did.
As for the order of words in the construction of a special issue, it is the same as in general, except for the fact that the beginning of the sentence should be present question word: who (who), when (when), what (that), howlong (how long), where (where), how (how).
Imperative offers
Considering types of sentences in the English language, not to mention the imperative sentences.They are necessary for the expression of the request, the inducement to any action, orders, as well as the ban when it comes to negative form.
imperative proposal involves the direct order of the words, but first put the verb: «Give me my pen, please» («Give me my pen, please").In some cases, the structure may consist of only one verb: «Run!» (Run!).Wishing to soften the orders, or to turn it into a request, the speaker can employ would you, will you or will not you, placing them at the end of sentences.
exclamation offer
Building offers English exclamation types produced in the same way as usual, but they should be pronounced emotionally and in writing at the end of this construction, always put the exclamation point.For example, «You are very beautiful!» («You are very beautiful!") Or «I'm so happy!» («I am so happy!").
In case the exclamatory sentence requires additional reinforcement can use question words what and how.For example, «What a big house it is!» («What a great house!»), «What a sad movie!» («What a sad movie!") Or «How well Matt can dance!» («How good Matt dances! ").It is worth noting that in the case to be in the singular needs the indefinite article a or an.
Complex offers: identification and classification
Besides simple sentences, there is a complex, which are formed by combining the first.Slozhnosochinennogo and compound - the types of proposals in the English language with a complex structure.The difference between them is that the former is a structure consisting of two independent simple sentences, and the second - the chief and one or more dependent (paranasal).
Compound sentences are constructed with the help of coordinative conjunctions like and (and), or (or), but (but), for (since), yet (yet).As for the unions, which are used to form complex sentences, they are divided into the following groups:
- cause / effect: since (as), because (because), therefore (for this reason, therefore), so (why,so that);
- time: before (before, before), while (whereas before), after (after), when (when);
- other: although (though), if (if, if), though (even though), unless (if only).
All simple sentences that make up the complex, should be kept straight order.Offers in the English language there is a huge amount, but regardless of their type of construction of the basic rule should be respected.
types of conditional sentences
Conditional sentences in the English language used to describe the situation with different characteristics.They can take various forms, but in most cases, use the following structure: «If Condition, (then) Statement» (If the condition (that) Approval).For example, «If it is warm, many people prefer go to the park» («If the heat, many people prefer to go to the park»), «If you buy this dress, I will give you free gloves» («If you buy itdress, I will give you free gloves ").
Conditional sentences in the English language are divided into three types.The first is used to refer to real, achievable conditions relating to any of the time (future, present and past).To build such a structure in the main sentence, it is used in the future form of the verb, as in the subordinate - in the present.
second describes the unrealistic conditions that relate to the future or the present.To create such an offer in the main part of the verb should, or would, and a verb in base form without the particles to, and subordinate - were for the verb to be, or form of Past Simple for everyone else.
The third covers the unfulfilled conditions in the past.The main part of the proposal is built using the verb should / would and the verb in the present tense, and paranasal - verb in the form of Past Perfect.
