education system in England is developing for many centuries, and today is one of the best in the world, meeting the highest quality standards.Streamline the learning process has been achieved since the adoption of the first important legal act in this area, namely the Education Act 1944.This started a glorious history.
Education in England today is compulsory for all citizens aged five to sixteen.The structure of the educational system is allocated two sectors: public (free education) and private (paid training).Generally in the state operate two systems upon which the educational process: one of them has direct effect in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, and the second - in Scotland.
Secondary schools in England are very diverse.Common are boarding schools, where students not only acquire knowledge, but also to live.These schools have appeared in Britain in the period of the early Middle Ages, mostly they opened at monasteries.But the twelfth century Pope introduced the obligation for all Benedictine monasteries create a charity school.Later, the tuition they began to charge.
first in aristocratic families prevailing belief that children learn better at home than in the monastic schools, but then come to understand that, regardless of their origin, the kids better get knowledge with their peers.This view has become the foundation for the formation and development of privileged pensions, some of which operate to this day, and for over a thousand years, and nurture trained elite British contemporary society.
Classification
education system in England include:
1. Kindergarten.
2. School of the complete cycle for children aged three to eighteen years.
3. Institutions for the younger students, who are divided into Junior Schools and Primary Schools.
- The Junior Schools attended by children aged from seven to thirteen.They taught special general initial cycle of objects, and ends with the training exam, the passing of which is required in order to enroll in high school.
- In Primary Schools take children aged from four to eleven years.In the second and the sixth years of training exams SATs - they are, as in the previous case, the need for admission to the high school.
4. Institutions for the older students are divided into Senior Schools, Secondary School and Grammar School.
- Senior Schools are for children thirteen and eighteen.In such schools, teenagers are learning first two years and then take exams GCSE, then pass another two-year training program.
- Secondary School provides educational opportunities for children from eleven years.
- The Grammar School also taught the children to the age of eleven, but there are in-depth program.In such a school, you can even get a full preparation for entry into higher education.
5. School to prepare for universities designed for older teenagers aged sixteen to eighteen years old.
In addition, the United Kingdom, schools are classified according to gender students.There are separate schools for boys and girls, and mixed schools.There are many supporters of separate education for children of different sexes, who argue their position the fact that boys and girls develop differently physically and emotionally, and in the case of separate education they do not have to adapt to each other.
Pre-school education in England
It is available in both the private and public education.Often, the British send their children to nurseries and kindergartens at the age of three to four years.Pre-school education in England continues until the child reaches the age of seven and includes the teaching of reading, writing, arithmetic.As a rule, the development of children occurs in the form of a game.In many private schools in the country operate preparatory classes for children from five years old.At the end of their children continue to receive primary and secondary education in the same schools.
Elementary School
As already mentioned, the majority of parents take their children to school as early as five years (preparatory classes).In general, primary education in England begins with the age of seven and continued until the children of eleven years.Then children go to secondary school, usually within the same institution.In this sense, education in Russia and the UK is not much different.At the elementary school kids learn math, English, music, geography, history, art and technology industries.Required items parents choose yourself.
High School
should be noted that education is carried out in England in the English language, and for children under the age of sixteen is required.Schools teach adolescents aged eleven to sixteen years of age and prepare them for obtaining a general certificate of secondary education (GCSE) or national certificate of vocational qualification (GNVQ).
Secondary education in England as one of its most important tasks is responsible for the formation of independent, self-confident, creative individuals.In school, students learn common special training cycle on various subjects, followed by exams.In order to successfully pass the exams (seven to nine subjects), which is necessary for admission to high school, students begin to prepare him for fourteen years.
school to prepare for university
Upon completion of the compulsory education cycle sixteen boys and girls can either go to work or continue their studies in the Sixth Form - school where the training for university entrance.Those who wish to master the proposed two-year A-levels, which implies the surrender of the two examinations: the first year of study - AS, and after the second year of studies - A2-levels.In the first year of study four or five subjects, and the second - three or four.At the same time, students choose their own from fifteen to twenty proposed options, there are no compulsory subjects.Thus, young people define their future specialization, which in the future will devote three to five years of study in higher education.
Foreign students usually begin their education in England two years of A-levels.
Professional and higher education
United Kingdom has more than six hundred private and public universities and colleges where young people can acquire a profession.The institutions offer a variety of training programs.Passage of the preparatory course A-levels gives students the opportunity to receive or vocational, or higher education in England.The first is the development of a course of vocational training in the chosen specialty, and the second already includes undergraduate, graduate, doctoral degree and an MBA.
Tuition
Education in England paid for its citizens and for foreigners, but for the latter the cost much higher.Citizens have the opportunity to study in debt, and the state demands its return only if, after obtaining a diploma a person can get a job with a salary of at least 21,000 pounds a year.Otherwise, return the debt is not necessary.Recently, the British Parliament debate continues about whether or not to increase the cost of education, and many deputies are inclined to believe that it is necessary to increase it.
International Assessment of quality of educational services
conducted international studies indicate that in the last decade, the quality of secondary education in England has negative dynamics for the preparation of high school graduates to universities.In higher education, the international rankings of higher education institutions in the UK is usually the second or third position.
