Today we will speak about this kind of weapons like missile systems "Buk".This article has nothing to do with politics, so we consider the purely technical aspects.Let's try a little bit to understand that this is a self-propelled anti-aircraft missile complex of the army, get acquainted with its performance characteristics, firing range, in short, with all its abilities.So, we install "Beech".
Beginning
First you need to decide on the destination of the installation.It is the destruction of aerodynamic targets flying at medium and low altitudes at up to 830 m / sec, maneuvering with a 12-unit overloads and at a distance of 30 kilometers.In accordance with the resolutions of the USSR and the CPSU Central Committee on January 13, 1972 and started its development.Involved in the team of developers and manufacturers, who participated in the creation of previously SAM "Cube".At the same time we are developing a set of designated M-22, called "Hurricane" for the Navy with the missile that is fully compatible with the "Beech".
Developers
as developers have been identified: the Research Institute of Instrument Engineering and Research and Design Association, which has the name "Fazotron."Rastov AA was appointed chief designer of the complex.Pre-loading Installation Machine Building Design Bureau was created in the "Start", where the head was Yaskin AI crawler, unified complex for machines, developed Mytishchi machine-building plant, which was led ASTROFF NA 9M38 missiles tasked to develop Sverdlovsk ICD "Innovator".The station detection and, of course, targeting "Dome" was created in the Institute of measuring and precision instruments radio ministry.In order for the "Buck" could be fully operational, has been developed a set of facilities and logistics in the automotive chassis.Completion of the preparatory phase has been scheduled for the second quarter of 1975.
Change of plans
Decree of the USSR and the CPSU Central Committee on May 22, 1974, due to the need for a speedy strengthening the air defense armored divisions with increased shelf "Cube", which are included in this division is prescribed to create a complex "Buk" intwo stages.First of all it was necessary to rapidly develop a controlled anti-aircraft missiles and fire self-propelled complex, which could launch missiles 9M38 and 3M9M3 existing complex "Cubic M3."Later on this basis we would have to create a "Buk" - the new generation missile system.And in September 1974 to ensure its participation in joint trials.But regardless of this, the previously appointed time had fully complied with.
Fire self-propelled gun 9A38
It is mounted on the chassis of the GM-569, and it is in one unit combines the functions of a self-propelled PU and Surnov used in the "cube-M3."Established setting 9A38 provide quality search in a given sector, performs detection and the subsequent capture of the objectives for the automatic accompaniment.It also solves the problem before the start, start-up and three homing missiles, which were located on it, and the other three 3M9M3-guided missiles from the conjugate with it 2P25M3 PU.Fire installation could work both on Surnov and autonomously.Its weight - 34 tons.SAM was "Buck" from: radar 9s35;Digital computing system;Optical viewfinder-TV;the starter with power servo drives;ground radar interrogator who works in the "Password";equipment with SPU and Surnov;a gas turbine generator;equipment orientation, topographical anchor and navigation;life-support systems.
Options radar 9S35
to describing the time has been significant progress in terms of creating quartz and mechanical filter, microwave devices, Digital computing machines that allowed in radar 9S35, part of the complex "Buk", combine the functions ofStations illumination, detection and tracking.It used two transmitters - pulse and continuous wave, she herself worked in the centimeter wavelength range.One transmitter to detect and track the target, the other - backlit goals and controlled anti-aircraft missiles.The antenna system to search sectors, electromechanical methods for processing signals received fulfill the central computer.9S35 transition time, part of the air defense system, "Buck" from standby mode in combat was less than twenty seconds.Speed objectives determined with an accuracy of between +10 to -20 m / s, which ensured their choice in a moving state.Possible errors: RMS when measuring angular coordinates was 0.5 g. Y., The maximum of the range - 175 meters.The station has been protected from all active and passive noise and combined.
anti-aircraft missiles 9M38
In this rocket, which is part of SAM "Buk" was applied solid-dual-mode engine.Because of the complexity of working out refused to use ramjet.In addition, it has a high resistance to some, mainly passive parts of the trajectory and high angle of attack was unstable in operation.For these reasons, the term was disrupted creating SAM "Cube".Driving rocket was a normal, standard, X-shaped, having a low aspect ratio wing.At first sight, it looked like the appearance of naval anti-aircraft missiles families "tartar" and "standard" made in the USA, which fully complies with the limits on the size of the Soviet Navy.In front of the 9M38 placed instruments autopilot, semi-active GMN, warhead and nutrition.There was no missile parts, separating in flight, its length - 5.5 meters, diameter - 400 mm, the steering sweep - 860 millimeters.It was equipped with a homing head, which had the control system combined with the use of proportional navigation."Buck" - missile system having such a missile - could hit targets flying at an altitude of 25 meters to 20,000 and range from three and a half to 32 kilometers, its speed - 1000 m / sec.Missile having a weight of 685 kg, including 70 kg of warhead.
Test installation "Buck"
The "Buck" from August 1975 to the end of October next, in 1976, passed the state tests.He led them Bimbash PS, and they were carried out on the territory of Emba polygon.As you can see, the installation of "Buk" (shown in the photo of her review) consisted of: Surnov 1S91M3, setting fire 9A38, surface-to-air missile 3M9M3 and 9M38, PU 2P25M3 automotive and machine maintenance.As a result, some amendments have been made: the detection range of the helicopters was 21-35 kilometers at low altitudes, the aircraft - 32-41 km.Time missile launch from the moment of detection of the target was 24-27 seconds.Time charging and discharging - nine minutes.Defeat aircraft missile 9M38 provide: at a distance of 3,5-20,5 km - at an altitude of over 3,000 meters, 5-15,5 km - at the height of 30 meters.The affected area for course option was 18.5 km, height - 30 m to 14.5 km.The probability of fire damage - 0,70-0,93 when you start a rocket.In 1978, the installation of "Buk-1" ("Cubic-M4") was put into service.
Features "Buck", the command post
We currently know many details about the considered armed.It's time to group the most basic in one place.So, we have a complex "Buk".Characteristics of its combat assets following.9S470 - command post set on GM-579 - provides a display, reception and processing of all data from stations targeting and detection, as well as six 9A310 - fire self-propelled units.It provides a selection of relevant hazardous targets and their proper distribution in manual and automatic modes between self-propelled firing, carried out the task they are responsible sectors and many other important activities.Complex "Buk", thanks to the manual, works fine when using missiles against radar and interference.The command post can handle 46 targets at altitudes of up to 20,000 m in a zone having a radius of 100 000m. To issue up to six target designation for one cycle of the review station.28 tons - weight KP, given a crew of six.
station targeting and detection of "dome"
continue to talk about what a setting "Beech".Features "Dome" - the next stage of its consideration.This station has an electronic beam scanning in elevation in the 30-40 degree sector with a mechanical rotation of the antenna for a given azimuth.Purpose 9S18 - detection and identification of targets in the air at a height of 30 meters to 45.5 km, at a distance of 120 kilometers.Then the information about the situation in the air is transferred to the gearbox 9S470.Depending on the sector and the established presence of noise is equal to the rate review 5-18 seconds for all-round visibility and 2.5-4.5 seconds in the review of the sector of 30 degrees.Transmit the information received by telecode line review period is 4.5 seconds, in the amount of 75 marks.It was developed and protection of impact, response, non-synchronous pulse interference.Also, regardless of the barrage of noise interference, provides detection located at an altitude of 5000 meters fighter."Dome", belongs to the anti-aircraft system, "Buck", in turn, composed of the rotator, antenna station, antenna tracking device, receiving device, the transmitting device and other systems.In the firing position transit stations within five minutes from the stowed position, of duty - 20 seconds.
Differences firing installations 9A310 and 9A38
first installation of the second ("Buk-1"), characterized in that the binding of telecode lines are not self-propelled and PU 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3 and ROM-9A39 and 9S470 command post.9A310 also had four controlled anti-aircraft missiles 9M38 on its launcher, not three.Its charging was carried out for 12 and a half minutes from the ROM and 16 minutes - from the car transport logistics.Weight - 32.4 tons, including four combat crew.The width of the fire self-propelled - 3.25 meters, length - 9,3 m, height - 3.8 meters.Let us further from what is complex "Buk".Picture us this help as always.
9A39 - start-loading installation
This ROM has been installed on the chassis of the GM-577.Its purpose - storage and transportation of controlled anti-aircraft missiles - eight pieces, four of which were still in the lodgment, four - the trigger.It is also intended to start the four guided missiles, self-loading them with further lodgements, subsequent self-charged eight rockets from the car transport support.Thus, "Beech" - missile system, which combines the functions of a ROM-propelled PU earlier complex "Cube" and TPM.It included: the starting device with the tracking actuator, lodgements, crane, digital computing machine, apparatus telecode communication, navigation, anchor on the topography, power supply and power supply units.Unit weight - 35.5 tons, including the calculation of three, dimensions: width - 3,316 meters, length - 9.96 meters and height - 3.8 meters.
Features SAM "Buk"
This complex has a higher combat external and performance compared with complexes "Cubic-M4" and "Cube-M3."Even if we just look at what is a setting "Buck" photo of her arms, anyone will understand all of its power, which provided:
- good reliable target detection due to the fact that organized a joint review of the surrounding space with six firing self-propelledplants and stations targeting and detection.
- Simultaneous to six goals, shelling division and, if necessary, and the autonomous use of self-propelled fire - fighting performance of up to six independent assignments.
- strong protection against interference through the use of on-board calculator homing head and a special type of signal illumination.
- by increasing the power of SAM (its warhead) - very high efficiency of destruction of flying targets.
Conclusion Based on the results of modeling and testing, it was determined that the firing range installations "Beech" - from 3 to 25 kilometers at an altitude of 18 km and speeds of up to 800 m / s.In this case, it provides quality attack targets that are not maneuver.Chance of defeat was 0.7-0.8 in the shot one guided missile and setting the course to 18 km.If the purpose of maneuvering, the probability of defeat is 0.6.At the armed forces air defense complex "Buk" adopted in 1980.Since then several times conducted its modernization to enhance the combat capabilities and security.
