The main factors affecting the fire.

In today's world, the security of every human being is one of the primary conditions of existence.Nevertheless, it is now different and natural disasters take away a significant number of human lives.One of the most terrible situations are fires.In the following material will be discussed in detail both their causes and harmful to all living things affecting factors.

What is fire?

To begin with let's deal with the very definition.This term implies an uncontrolled combustion process, resulting in material damage both to individuals and the interests of the entire state.At the same time it is also possible damage to health and even life threatening citizens.

classification at the place of fire

modern practice are categorized as follows:

1. Underground fires.

2. Forest.

3. Field.

4. Man-made.

5. Fires in vehicles.

6. fires in buildings.

It should be noted that the latter, in turn, divided into the outer, inner and pets.Each of the categories presented identify some of the features and distinctive features.

division into classes

Such systematization is based on allocation of groups with similar material properties, subject to combustion.Data for classes and subclasses for easy assimilation are summarized in the table below.

Causes

After studying the classification of fires in addition to the need to consider separately the factors which resulted in may be the source of fire.One of the most common reasons that there is a fire, a careless handling of fire.Nezatushennaya cigarette childish prank or an incineration - each of these actions may cause uncontrolled combustion, namely fire.The second factor is the emergence of a fire is considered to be widespread at various production sites.This failure to comply with rules and regulations of operation of the equipment and various electrical installations.As a consequence, short circuits and other phenomena that contribute to the appearance of the spark discharge.And he, in turn, are most likely to develop into a fire.By the way, since I had touched upon discharge, it is necessary to mention the following in the cause of the outbreak of fire.Of course, this atmospheric phenomena, such as thunderstorms.A lightning strike to the building in which the presence of flammable substances with a sufficiently high probability can lead to fire.However, the lightning - the phenomenon rare enough to prepare for their appearance.

However Mother Nature can throw and other mischief.It is well known laws of reflection of the light flux from the surface, because they are engaged in the study still in high school.But the practical application of these laws can be detrimental affect on the man-made environment of modern cities.For example, because of the architectural features of buildings may be so-called optical system which collects the scattered sunlight into a concentrated beam.The temperature on the surface, which will get such a beam, gradually begin to rise.And at some point reaches the melting point or autoignition material.A consequence of this can cause a fire.It should also be noted that the spontaneous ignition of materials and substances related to a separate group of causes of life-threatening and health situations.

Arson

Apart from all the above reasons, fires can occur as a result of deliberate arson.In such cases, there is always the initiative of one or more persons.Of course, every modern inhabitant metropolis knows that such actions are prosecuted by the current legislation.But sometimes some of this fact does not stop.

explosive processes

to a special category that could cause a fire, are also a variety of emergency situations.As a result, a small error can cause an explosion of any combustible material.

main factors affecting fire

In case of an emergency heat source can be formed, which, in turn, has some unique features.They are called "factors affecting the fire."These are the conditions under which the possible damage to property and harm to both health and life of citizens.Currently, there are following factors affecting fire: primary and secondary.As the name implies, the first group includes the conditions under which the active development of the combustion process.Thus, by damaging factors are fire flames, sparks, high temperature environment.By secondary, in turn, belong to the phenomena and processes that occur as a result of the conditions of the first group.Typically, these factors affecting fires include smoke, low oxygen, the formation of toxic combustion products and other negative consequences.Let us consider each of the factors previously submitted in detail.

Flames and heat flux

As mentioned earlier, to the damaging factors are fire sparks and fire, which can rightly be considered the root causes of a fire.The flame in an open uncontrolled fire can represent a significant threat to the health and lives of people in the immediate vicinity.Moreover, such factors affecting the latter contribute to the spread of fire.Heat radiation as part of the previously described conditions, allows to gradually warm environment, which in turn allows flames to significantly increase the range of the affected area.

reaction products of the combustion process as well as other chemical reactions, produces some substances.However, it should be remembered that as a result of various compounds are formed.According to a large number of experts, the effects of a fire and these are highly toxic substances that are considered dangerous for the normal life of people.Among these compounds, obtained during the chemical reactions are usually carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and hydrogen chloride.It is important to know that abroad among the above combustion products rank as a chemical called hydrogen cyanide.Remember that these factors affecting the fire are extremely toxic, so that even a slight contact with their human body can cause considerable damage.

Reduced visibility

As the saying goes, "there is no smoke without fire."If the flame is very much?In this case it is necessary to remember about those factors affecting fire as smoke, "veil", consisting of airborne particles of solids and liquids.You need to know that this category can become a significant cause of both impaired visibility, and reduce to the minimum limit of the percentage of oxygen in the environment.Because of these factors are much less light penetrates the obstacle formed.And people in a building in flames, can hardly find a safe way out.Thus, we can conclude that the smoke and further reducing visibility - is not as dangerous factors affecting fire and explosion as a psychological barrier.After all, it prevents the rapid and safe evacuation of the building represents a danger.Most people who find a way out to the heavy smoke room, with high probability, turned back and sought refuge in the previous room.

significant temperature increase

Everyone knows that, in addition to chemical compounds formed during the combustion reaction heat is released.Moreover, in large quantities.If at the beginning of the fire temperature is 200-300 degrees, while its most destructive phase of the flame heats the environment up to 900 ° C!The harm caused by a person in such a case, you can calculate by examining the main factors affecting the fire in this category.Typically, this humidity, air condition, airborne particulate matter and more.