That's how the world is, that life and death have always been and will be close.That is why many years ago mankind began to build cemeteries where deceased found their last resting place.
Since Moscow has existed for over 860 years, its surroundings appeared and disappeared a lot of cemeteries.With the growth of the capital, many cemeteries found themselves in the city and eventually becomes historical.Among them is and German cemetery in Moscow, which is now better known under the name Vvedenskoe.
history
Vvedenskoe German cemetery in Moscow, was founded in 1771, during the terrible plague.Since dying every day for a few hundred residents, burying them in existing cemeteries was not possible, the authorities had to urgently allocate land for burial.One of them was in the Lefortovo district got its name from the Vvedensky hill located on the left bank of the Yauza.In addition, it is often called the German.The fact that Vvedensky cemetery often buried Catholics and Lutherans.In the 18th century the common people all of them, regardless of nationality, the Germans called so for a new graveyard is the nickname stuck.
German cemetery in Moscow: a list of burials
Among the celebrities who have found their final resting place in the cemetery of Vedeno, many representatives of different professions.Among the most eminent personalities, whose tombstones can be seen if you visit the German cemetery in Moscow, can not be called:
- close ally and friend of Peter the Franz Lefort;
- Admiral General Patrick Gordon;
- artists Viktor Vasnetsov and Apollinaris;
- composer Alexander Gedike;
- academician N. Koltsov;
- Metropolitan Trifon (Turkestanova);
- writer Valery Agranovsky;
- satirist Arkady Arkanov;
- poetess Vera Inber;
- director Yuri Ozerov;
- writer Michael Prishvina;
- director Mikhail Kazakov;
- actress M. Zubarev;
- senator B. Hermes;
- poet-parodist Alexander Ivanov;
- actress Tatiana Peltzer;
- sports commentator Nikolai Ozerov;
- spy Rudolf Abel;
- writer Irakli Andronnikova;
- and many others.
Legends
old German cemetery in Moscow (address see. Below) is interesting and its legends.For example, there is the tomb of Fyodor Haas or, as it was also called the "holy doctor".According to legend, he built on the money capital of prisoners in prisons, as evidenced by the shackles that adorn the monument.The fact that Haas was the chief doctor of the Moscow prisons, and has done much to alleviate the suffering of the prisoners.In particular, it was he who made the replacement of heavy shackles on lightweight, kept his own money prison and opened a school for children of prisoners.Thanks prisoners was boundless, so spend Theodore Haas last journey came more than 20 thousand Muscovites, which was significantly more than the number of people who ever walked behind the hearse kings.
And tell that Vvedensky cemetery buried this salad recipe.And with its author, or rather to his grave, connected real detective story.It turns out, the burial place of the famous chef Lucien Olivier was discovered only in 2008, although the tomb stood in the cemetery since 1883.How could so many years not to notice the monument with the famous name - it is not very clear, but today there was still more interesting situation: the capital's well-known restaurants are fighting for the right to care for the grave of Olivier, as this fact may be used for publicity purposes.
Another interesting legend tells that the body of Peter's General Gordon, who in life was a renowned drunkard long transported to the cemetery in the cemetery until delivered on the ground Vvedenskoye.After a while, the tomb mysteriously disappeared, and the cemetery of lost books of the page indicating the place of burial.Then the ghost of General began to appear among the graves, banging on the heels of his jackboots plates and frighten visitors.
Interesting facts
Not many people know that the German cemetery in Moscow became the burial place of French soldiers of Napoleon's army and the aviation division of Normandy-Neman, fought the Nazis in close cooperation with the Soviet troops.In the 50s of the last century remains of the pilots he was transferred to his homeland, but preserved tombstones.And the area in which they are located, is recognized as the territory of the French Republic.In addition, the Vvedensky cemetery has a mass grave of German soldiers who died of their wounds in captivity during the First World War.
railroad Monument at the German cemetery in Moscow
on one of the alleys you can see the monument, which is a large granite banner.On it is an inscription: "For the Soviet power - 1905-1917".It turns out that this monument was erected at the burial site of railwaymen Solodukhina V., V. Lebedev, Kuhmistrova E. and S. Terekhov, and is dedicated to all the revolutionaries who died from 1905 to 1917.
Churches and chapels
Today the cemetery you can see several religious buildings.For example, recently there has once again started to act Lutheran prayer house, which was taken under the church, built in 1911.Also in the cemetery is an Orthodox chapel in the Gothic style with modern elements.It was erected on the draft V. Rudanovskogo.
among the most famous religious buildings Vvedensky cemetery is the chapel Erlanger, built in 1911-1914.It was designed by the famous architect F. Shekhtel, who managed to create a true masterpiece.This building is recognized as an object of cultural and historical values of national scale and invariably arouses interest of visitors of the cemetery.Chapel Erlanger is the only existing Orthodox chapel in the cemetery of Vedeno.For many years it was in ruins and began to crumble.Then, for the matter was taken Tamara Kronkoyan which orphaned, spent most of his life in this graveyard, looking after the graves.She collected donations and became a regular clean up in the chapel.As a result of her efforts the chapel was restored.Its main decoration and a shrine is a mosaic panel depicting Christ the sower created from a sketch by artist K. Petrov-Vodkin.
way, today nobody is not known, where did the custom of writing on the walls of the chapels Vvedensky their desires, but every day they appear new pleas fate.And there you can see how a request for health for loved ones or for the long-awaited birth of the baby, and the successful exam.And recently there is someone wrote, "I want all the best!»
Address
reach the German cemetery in Moscow is quite simple.After all, it is located at ul.Cash, 1, in the Southeast of the capital stock in Lefortovo.There are excellent transport accessibility, so the cemetery can be reached by several routes.For example, before reaching the subway station "Aviamotornaja" should take trams 46, 43, 32 and get off at the cinema "Sputnik" (3 stops).Then turn right and walk to the gate in the Gothic style, on which there is a plaque with an appropriate inscription.
Types of graves and operation
old German cemetery in Moscow (Vvedenskoe) now continues to be in force.There are produced kinship and family (tribal) funeral and burial urns in a columbarium and open land.
From May to September, the cemetery is open to the public from 9 am to 19 pm and from October to April - from 9 to 17 hours.With regard to the burial, the columbarium they are produced daily from 10 to 17 hours.
Now you know what the famous German cemetery in Moscow (how to get there, see. Above) and who is buried there.
