Zionists - who is it?Let's face it.There is the word "Zionism" from the name of Mount Zion.It was a symbol of Israel and Jerusalem.Zionism is an ideology which expresses the yearning for historical homeland who is in exile of the Jewish people.This political movement will be discussed in this article.
When conceived the idea, which was the basis of Zionism?
idea of the return to Zion was born of the Jews in ancient times, in the days when they were expelled from Israel.The very practice of return was not a novelty.About 2,500 years ago from the Babylonian Diaspora Jewish people back to their country.Modern Zionism emerged in the 19th century, so that the practice did not invent, but only came upon ancient movement and the idea of an organized modern form.
The declaration of May 14, 1948 the State of Israel is the quintessence of the movement that interests us.The document states that the Jewish people emerged in Israel.
His political, religious and spiritual image was formed here.The people, according to the declaration, is forcibly exiled from their homeland.
connection between the Jewish people and Israel
continue to consider the question: "The Zionists - who is it?"It is impossible to understand the interests of our movement without clarifying the existing historical connection between Israel and the Jewish people.It appeared almost 4 thousand. Years ago when Abraham settled in what is now Israel.Moses in the 13th century BC.e.He led the exodus of the Jews from Egypt, and Joshua took Israel divided among 12 tribes of the country.In the 10-11 centuries.BC.e., in the era of the First Temple, ruled in the state monarchs, Solomon, David and Saul.Israel in 486 BC.e.was captured by the Babylonians who destroyed the Temple and the Jewish people for the most part has been taken captive.Under the leadership of Nehemiah and Ezra in the same century, the Jews returned to their country and to re-establish the Temple.Thus began the era of the Second Temple.It ended with the conquest of Jerusalem by the Romans and re-destruction of the Temple in the year 70.
Jewish revolt
After the capture of the Jews living in Israel, many Jews.They raised to 132 the revolt against the Romans led by Bar Kochba.For a short time they managed to once again form a Jewish independent state.It was brutally suppressed the uprising.Killed while was, according to the testimony of historians, about 50 thousand. Jews.However, after the uprising was crushed in Israel were still hundreds of thousands of Jewish people.
Once in the 4th century BC.e.Galilee again began a major uprising directed against Roman rule, was again ousted the mass of Jews from Israel, they were requisitioned their lands.In the country in the 7th century there was their community, which numbered 1/4 million.Of these, tens of thousands assisted the Persians in 614 seized by Israel.This is explained by the fact that the Jews had high hopes for this nation, as the Persians have allowed them in the 6th century BC.e.return from the Babylonian captivity to his country.
In 638 CE.e., after the Arab-Muslim conquest, it was melting minority of the local Jewish population.It happened, including due to the forced Islamization.However, in Jerusalem for a long time there was a fairly large Jewish community.Captured Jerusalem in 1099 the Crusaders massacred, which targeted both Muslims and Jews.However, when Israel declined sharply in number of inhabitants, the indigenous population is not completely disappeared.
immigration flows
Separate groups or members of messianic movements throughout history periodically back or tried to get to Israel.Next the flow of immigration in the 17th and 19th centuries, ie before the emergence of Zionism, leads to the fact that the Jewish community of Jerusalem in 1844 became the largest among the other religious communities.It should be noted also that the waves of Jewish migration in all years (from the late 19th and throughout the 20th century) was preceded by a sporadic, smaller and not as organized flows.Zionist repatriation began with the migration to Israel palestinofilov, as well as members of the Bilu movement.It happened in the years 1882-1903.Following this, throughout the 20th century were the new wave of repatriation, which organized the Zionists.Who are they, you will better understand, learn, what was the basic concept of Zionism.
central concept of Zionism
should be noted that this movement occupies a central place concept, according to which Israel is a real historical homeland of the Jewish people.Accommodation in other countries - exile.Identification with the expulsion of the life in the Diaspora - the central point of the movement of thought, the essence of Zionism.So, this movement expresses the historical connection of the Jewish people to Israel.But it is very doubtful is the fact that it came to no modern anti-Semitism and the persecution of the Jews in modern times, that would be assimilated if they were left alone.
Zionism and anti-Semitism
That is, Zionism can be considered a reaction to anti-Semitism.You can also see it as a kind of anti-colonial movement, were characterized by oppression and discrimination, pogroms and humiliation, that is the position of the minority subordinate to a foreign power.
is important to emphasize in this regard that Zionism - the political movement, which is a response to modern anti-Semitism.However, one should bear in mind the hundreds of years of persecution of the Jews.This phenomenon was observed in Europe for a long time.Again and again, the European diaspora subjected murder and persecution on religious, social, economic reasons, as well as racial and nationalistic.In Europe, Jews on their way to the Holy Land (11-12 century), the Crusaders slaughtered and killed in droves during the plague in the 14th century were accused of poisoning wells, in the era of the Inquisition were burned at the stake in Spain (15th century), they became victims of massmassacre Ukrainian Cossacks Khmelnitsky (17th century).They have been killed and hundreds of thousands of armies of Petliura and Denikin, which caused Zionism in Russia's civil war.Image below, dedicated to these developments.
After the First World War, the situation was disastrous.Then the killer came from Germany, where the Jews have taken the most serious attempts at assimilation.
These people throughout history expelled from almost all European countries: France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, England, Lithuania and Russia.All these problems were accumulated for centuries, and by the early 19th century, the Jews have lost hope for a change in his life.
how to become leaders of the Zionist movement?
history of Zionism shows that the leaders of the Zionist movement turned often after themselves confronted with anti-Semitism.It happened to Moses Gesom who was shocked in 1840 slanderous attacks on Jews living in Damascus.It happened with Leon Pinsker, who after the assassination of Alexander II (1881-1882) was struck by a chain of pogroms, and Theodor Herzl (picture shown below), who as a journalist in Paris has witnessed anti-Semitic campaign launched in 1896 in connection with theDreyfus affair.
Goals Zionists
Thus, the Zionist movement's main aims is considered solved the "Jewish problem."His supporters viewed it as a problem of helpless people, a minority that does not have his home and inheritance is - persecution and pogroms.So, we have answered the question: "The Zionists - who is it?"We note one interesting pattern, which we have already mentioned.
discrimination and waves of immigration
There is a close link between Zionism and persecution of Jews in the sense that most of the major waves of immigration to Israel has consistently followed the discrimination and killings in the Diaspora.For example, the First Aliyah was preceded by 80 years of the 19th century pogroms in Russia.The second began after a series of massacres in Belarus and Ukraine in the early 20th century.And the third was a response to the murder of the troops of Denikin and Petlyura Jews in the civil war.So Zionism emerged in Russia.Fourth Aliyah came to 20 years of Poland, following the adoption of legislation against Jewish businesses.In 30 years, the Fifth Aliyah, they came from Austria and Germany to escape the Nazi violence, and so on. D.
Conclusion
objectives and actions of the Zionists, thus pursued mainly the task of restoring historic justice.It's not racism, because this idea does not postulate the superiority of one people over another, as well as the existence of the chosen people, or "pure race".Nor can it be regarded as a bourgeois movement of world Zionism, since it participated in all the classes and strata of the population.The guide is really it were mostly people with bourgeois origins.However, the same can be said of other revolutionary movements, including Communist and socialist.Zionism is not an "insidious" ideology that encourages Jews to immigrate to Israel.Repatriates only those who share the Zionist vision of the fate and history of this nation.
