Railways - the main commercial artery of any developed country.It is difficult to imagine modern life without them.Rail transportation impressively low cost and the ability to transport massive loads.Therefore, they have found a wide application in the industrial sector, enabling large companies to save huge sums.
Railway tank - one of the varieties of rolling stock.She is used mainly for transportation of petroleum products, acids, alkalis, and other corrosive substances, as well as flour, cement, liquefied gas, milk.
Types There are different types of rail tank cars:
- Tanker general purpose.In such often carry petroleum products.
- special tanks intended for the transport of goods strictly defined.
Railway tank may be designed for conventional, not particularly fastidious liquids, and for those who are under pressure.Capacity for liquefied gases and other goods that require a high-pressure vessel called.When it is necessary to maintain certain temperature storage, it is necessary to use a cryogenic types.If necessary, the internal walls of the tank can be protected by a special coating to prevent corrosion.
Tanker general purpose
Most tanks plowing the railways are the types of general purpose.They are much cheaper than their specialized "colleagues" and are ideal for the transport of liquid petroleum products, which do not require heating during filling or draining.Typically, a general-purpose tank cars have a simple design and are equipped with sophisticated measuring equipment or other technological innovations.
special tanks
Special forms are much less common than usual, and they need mostly to organizations used in the production of the fluid.This tank car can be quite complex, it may be intended for liquefied gases under pressure, for the transport of acids and alkalis, various toxic and corrosive substances.
Tanks Special often equipped with complex technical devices, so each written a separate instruction manual.It considered the correct tank cars, as well as the marked features of the design, maintenance and operation of the rules of this article.
Construction
Modern railway tanks come in many different designs, but there are two main types - with or without a frame.Differences in the structure do not affect the volume of the rail car.The design of the frame is different only in that it loads passing through the cars, it is transmitted through the frame, except the tank itself.
frameless, on the contrary, allows the traction and shock transmitted through the tank, which acts as a frame.If the volume of railway tank is too large, then it surely strengthen steel rings on the outside or the inside.
design of rail tank cars also differ on the number of axles.You can find four-, six-, eight-options.The higher the number, the greater the volume of the article.Also, the housing must be ladders and manholes to drain the fluid.
Loading
before loading liquid tank car must undergo proper maintenance and preparation for loading.For special types of loading procedures can vary considerably, but there are some general rules that are suitable for most tanks.
The first step is to wait for the complete stop rolling, and then clean the stairs and hatches from the mud or snow, if any.Next you need to unscrew the pressure relief valve to make sure that there is no pressure in the tank.Then, you must open and firmly fix the manhole covers.After inspect the inside of the tank and remove therefrom any foreign bodies.Then he checked all the design elements, check all parts and assemblies.Particular attention is paid to the presence of butterfly valves and bolts that attach the flanges aerodnischa cones boiler bunkers.
When all necessary procedures are completed, start loading the tank.After it is fully completed, the hatches should be tightly closed and sealed.The last steps - cleaning the outside of the tank caught on to it part of Georgia.
Draining
After loading the liquid in the rail car attached to it and the accompanying documentation is done filling the tank.On arrival, it is by the presence of the seals can be seen that with a load okay.Draining of oil or other hazardous liquids must be carried out in special depots or sidings.In the common areas of the drain can be made only after consultation with the head of the railway department and firefighters.
necessary to remove from the surface of the tank adhering dirt or snow.Thereafter, the drain can be carried cargo.Unloading can be made of three bunkers at once, or from each in turn.In order to avoid problems with pressure, you need to constantly monitor the pressure gauge.After unloading, it is necessary to make sure that the boiler is no cargo residues.If they have, then they should be removed.Next, you need to seal the hatches and set the seal on them, after which the tank car returned to the sender.
composition may be exclusively tanks.But sometimes added to them wagons.Tanks after draining one of the fluid must be thoroughly cleaned.The procedure is performed automatically or manually.Thus it may be performed with plain water or with the addition of special detergents.
