Recently, the study of human psychology has become very popular.In the West, the practice of consulting specialists in this field has been around for quite some time.In Russia, this is a relatively new trend.What is psychology?What are its main functions?What methods and programs used by psychologists to help people in difficult situations?
concept of psychology
Psychology - a science whose purpose is to study the mechanisms of the human psyche.It examines patterns of behavior of people in various situations that arise in this thoughts, feelings and experiences.
Psychology - this is what helps us to know ourselves more deeply, to understand their problems and their causes, to understand their weaknesses and strengths.Its study contribute to the development of human integrity and morality.Psychology - is an important step on the path to self-improvement.
object and subject of psychology
as the object of psychology should serve certain media phenomena and processes studied by this science.These are could be considered a person, but by all standards it is a subject of cognition.That is why the subject of psychology is considered to be the activities of people and their interaction with each other, the behavior in different situations.
subject of psychology is constantly changing with the passage of time in the process of development and improvement of its methods.Initially, it was seen as a man's soul.Then it became the subject of psychology consciousness and behavior, as well as their unconscious beginning.Currently, there are two ways of looking at what is the subject of this science.From the standpoint of the first, it is the mental processes, states and personality traits.According to its second subject - the mechanisms of mental activity, psychological facts and laws.
main functions of psychology
One of the major tasks of psychology is the study of the features of consciousness of people, the establishment of common principles and laws on which the actions of individuals.This science brings out the latent possibilities of the human psyche, the causes and the factors influencing people's behavior.All of the above is a function of the theoretical psychology.
However, like any science, psychology has a practical application.Its value is to help the person develop recommendations and strategies for action in different situations.In all areas where people have to interact with each other, the role of psychology is invaluable.It allows a person to build up relationships with others, to avoid conflicts, learn to respect the interests of other people and treat them.
processes in psychology
human psyche is a whole.All of the processes occurring in it, are closely interrelated and can not exist one without the other.That is why the division into groups is very conditional.
Accepted provide the following processes in human psychology: cognitive, emotional and volitional.The first of them include memory, thinking, perception, attention and sensation.Their main feature is that it is thanks to them that the human brain reacts and responds to exposure to the outside world.
emotional psychic processes form a person's attitude to certain events, allows to evaluate themselves and others.These are the feelings, the emotions, the mood of people.
Determined mental processes are presented directly will and motivation, as well as proactive.They allow a person to control their actions and deeds, to control the behavior and emotions.In addition, the strong-willed mental processes responsible for the ability to achieve the set goals, achieve the desired heights in certain areas.
Types psychology
In modern practice, there are several classifications of psychology.The most common is to divide it in everyday and scientific.The first type is based primarily on the experiences of people.Conventional psychology has an intuitive character.Most often, it is very specific and subjective.Scientific psychology - the science is based on sound data obtained through experiments or professional observations.All its provisions considered and accurate.
Depending on the application distinguish the types of theoretical and practical psychology.The first of these deals with the study of patterns and characteristics of the human psyche.Practical psychology puts as the main task of providing assistance and support to the people, to improve their status and increase the productivity of work.
methods of psychology
To achieve the goals of science in psychology, there are different methods of studying consciousness and peculiarities of human behavior.Primarily refers to such an experiment.It is a simulation of a situation, provoking a certain behavior.Thus scientists record the data and reveal the dynamics and the dependence of the results from various factors.
Very often in psychology used the method of observation.With it can be explained by a variety of phenomena and processes occurring in the human psyche.
Recently, widely used method of questioning and testing.At the same time people are asked to answer certain questions in a limited amount of time.Based on the analysis of the data conclusions on the results of studies and certain programs in psychology.
to identify problems and their sources in a particular person biographical method is used.It is based on a comparison and analysis of the various events in the life of the individual, the key moment of its development, identifying and defining the stages of crisis stages of development.
