human person - the object of study of many human sciences, such as psychology, philosophy, sociology.The concept of "person", "individual", "personality" is often found in scientific and everyday language.In common parlance these words believe synonymous, but in fact is inherent to each their own shade of meaning.Let's try to figure it out more.
concept - a person, an individual, a person
word "man" sounds in the designation of abilities and traits common to all.It emphasizes the existence of a particular community - the human species, distinct from other inherent only his way of life.It is thanks to him at all stages of its development, everywhere and always retains a certain status.
definition of "person-individual" refers to the existence of certain specific representative of humanity.Who is it?Man-the individual - is the unit of the human race, some psychological and social media features inherent in all human communities.Below them is meant the will, the mind, their own interests and needs.In this sense, the individual - this particular person.
In this context, are not considered biological factors (sex, age, physical characteristics, temperament), and social differences.But, of course, does not consider these data can not be.After all, the differences between child and adult, primitive savages and our contemporary readily apparent.
Thus, the definition of "individual" includes a set of characteristics and traits for which each person is different.This implies a distinction quite different levels - from the neurophysiological and biochemical to the social and psychological.
And what is the identity of
dynamics of human development at different moments (and our own historical) characterizes the concept of "personality".The individual in this case - the starting point of the development of personality, its initial state.Thus, the personality - the most complete embodiment of all human qualities.
as a social subject, the individual inherent autonomy, commitment to a certain extent oppose the society and become independent from society.This presupposes the existence of self-awareness, skills, mental control, the ability to analytical and assessment of himself.
All these qualities are the basis of life position.This is the basic principle of conduct, based on social and philosophical attitudes, values and ideals.The significance of these regulatory factors in the life of self-control theory explains human behavior in society.
Basics of personality development
Each author - his interpretation of personality.But almost any definition of "person", "individual", "personality" based on one of two polar views.One of them says that the personality is formed and undergoes further changes depending on innate qualities, and data, the influence of the social environment is thus reduced to a minimum.
the opposite position almost completely reject congenital factor and prefer to treat the person as a product of social development.Perhaps both views are extremes.
classic definition of identity implies that the person, the individual, the person is formed, to him as a product of social development specific qualities.Expected of him entering into social relationships through communication and conscious activity.According to this approach, a biological organism becomes a person only because of social and cultural experience.And allowed influence on the formation of individual features - the aggregate of temperament, innate abilities and predispositions.
As we grow
Consider how a person is formed, the individual personality.That directly affects the growth process?There are several prerequisites.
- biological factors.Human Heredity - the same material that will later be formed in the human individual.This factor in itself does not create identity as a social experience and cultural heritage can not be transferred to the genes.But it needs to be taken into account as a source of infinite variety of character, temperament, aptitudes and potential cause of social constraints.
- The physical conditions of the environment.Some researchers give them paramount.But as you know, in the same geographical conditions there are very different types of personalities, and the Intra-Group similar symptoms are observed in completely different.
- social culture, forming a certain number corresponding to her basic personality types.The determination of the cultural experience is the common heritage of mankind.
- Experience as a group and a unique (subjective).This is the main factor of its formation, occurring in the process of socialization.
What is the socialization of the individual
set of values, attitudes, likes, dislikes, goals and patterns of human behavior is achieved due to the phenomenon of socialization.This process of assimilation of individual norms and patterns of behavior of his group, necessary for functioning in society.
Socialization refers to all sides of education, training and acculturation.It involves all of whom faced individual in a family home, kindergarten and school, see on television, etc.The process of personality formation passes through three successive stages:
1. Children imitate adults and copy their behavior.
2. Children play and try on different roles.
3. In group activities, they begin to understand the expectations addressed to them by others.
When it comes
Most psychologists believe that the process of socialization is not limited to childhood and lasts a lifetime.Socialization of children lays the foundation of personal values.And in relation to adults, this process involves changing the external behavior and the acquisition of relevant skills.
According to one theory, the process of socialization of adult children becoming obsolete myths, such as the inviolability of the authority or private super price.Gradually, on the basis of the experience formed the individual, as defined above.
Communication Group and relevant experience makes it possible to adjust the internal settings unique personalities with common characteristics specific to its social environment.
As it happens
In the early life of a person is not aware that he is an individual, and his personality is in its infancy.The separation of the physical and social world continues throughout life.Accumulating social experience, it creates an image of the "I" by comparing yourself with others.
proof that a person - not just automatically developing a set of natural inclinations, are known to science education rights in cases of social exclusion, for example, among the animals.Research mentality of "Mowgli" have shown that they have no idea of their own "I" as on the separate being among these.
Can such a person be considered as an individual?The definition of the concept runs counter to the data reported, so the answer is definitely negative.
based on personal experience than
«Social Mirror" is constantly in front of each of us.As a child in the assessment of their own abilities based on the opinion of a person's inner circle, with age - on the estimates of competent experts.A mature person realizes that he - the individual and his unique personality.
Do not underestimate the impact of personal experience.That is why children raised in the same family, are very different.They have a group experience similar (but not identical).In addition to the family children interact in the environment and with different people.Even twins with one set of genes may not always be in exactly the same conditions, meet with the same people and experience identical emotions.
That is why every personal experience is unique.According to the analysts, some incidents of people may well be critical, setting the tone of the subsequent emotional reactions.
What is the social role
Under this concept implies a way of human behavior in accordance with the generally accepted norms of interpersonal relations, depending on the existing status of the system.The process of socialization of the individual implies a prerequisite for the development of social roles as a way to integrate into society.
concept of social role involves role expectations - what is expected of an individual in accordance with the "rules" of a role.Another key concept here - role behavior.This is all that the person carries out in accordance with his role.Society, in this case assumes the function of control.
the individual and society associated existence of a variety of institutions - from the police to the public.Go to "disobey", a system of social sanctions.The smallest of them - public reprimand and censure, tougher - the measures enforced restraint.
individual - certain social status
Under the social status refers to the position (rank) in the structure of the individual group or the group itself in a number of other entities.The behavior that is expected of a carrier of a certain social status, and the essence of its social role.The different statuses are children and adults, men and women, soldiers and civilians.Everyone - support a variety of different statuses, according to which and builds their behavior in certain situations.
through training roles assimilated cultural norms.Acceptable for one status could be completely unsuitable for another.That is the socialization - an essential process of learning socially accepted methods and ways of interaction, in which the society gets its adequate member.
ability to perform the most important role is acquired, starting from childhood.Much of this process takes place at an unconscious level is quite painless.Children participate in games, help their parents, listen to how the family conversations, reading and watching different stories.They "play" the role of aid in the future take over the role of the real and understand the reaction of others.About
prescribed statuses
Society arranged very difficult, and coordinated functioning of all its institutions is possible only in case of strict observance of people's own responsibilities, regulated intra-group relations.The easiest way to achieve this - the entire classification of diverse human activities on the huge number of prescribed roles and habituation of each individual from an early age to perform a specific set of "Regulations" status.
Having a child primary role-based training, a man appoints himself as prescribed according to the selected criteria.His code name - "rules of success."Universal basis of this criterion in the development of society is the age and sex of the person.Other determining factors - nationality, race, religious or class affiliation.
Despite the unconscious nature of the role of learning, is a powerful and real factor of socialization.For example, separate education for many years, boys and girls leads to large differences between them in the maturity of part of the abilities, preferences and ways of expressing emotions.
What is the status achieved
This social position, are fixed by individual choice and competition.If the status of the group or is assigned to society, it does not take into account individual characteristics of the individual or his ability, it achieved status - the result of ability, perseverance, hard work, sense of duty of the person, as well as a certain amount of luck.
In primitive (or traditional) societies are almost always prescribed status, and social status is directly related to the birth.In modern society, a person has a greater degree of freedom.
Winnings are people who show the greatest capacity and flexibility.Those who failed to "find himself" and to adapt to new roles that are uncompetitive.
How do they differ
achieve and prescribed status have a fundamental difference, however overlap and interact.Individuals almost impossible to improve or somehow change their own situation in a society where the majority status are prescribed.Socialization is not associated with the expectation of a change of status.But if hereditary factors do not play a fundamental role, a person is difficult to reconcile with low status, being able to demonstrate personal ability
When there is a struggle for status and the possibility of probation are reasons for lack of success - only personal incompetence and lack of capacity.In a society of "equal opportunities" this postulate acquires any individual.The definition of failure as a private insolvency hurts the self-esteem of man.But even in this case, the person finds ways to enhance the status, using a variety of incentives and preferential rights.
If the role - behavior expected of an individual in the event of a specific status, role behavior is actual.It differs from the one expected by the majority of features - from the role of interpretation to possible conflicts with others.That's why no two individuals alike performing the same role.
