features of a culture rise to national symbols.They are the property of the people and the sacred store, handed down from generation to generation.There are symbols and Belarusians.One of them is the national costume.Today it can be seen at various events.The girls in the Belarusian national costumes will certainly attend the official ceremonies of national importance.In these clothes are the folk groups and some pop singers.
Thus, the Belarusian national costume (see below photo) is the most distinctive and valuable part of the cultural heritage of the nation.
main features
As a result of investigations it was found that in Belarus there are about thirty varieties of folk costumes.These clothes can be seen in some villages of the country.Belarusian national costumes are still stored in my grandmother's trunk as an heirloom.Linen aprons and shirts, tank tops, hats and skirts - all this surprises us with its beauty, artistic measure, harmony and expediency.
Belarusian national costumes have their own characteristics.Their highlights compositional perfection and masterly handling all the details, as well as a combination with decorative practicality.
artistic image that creates the Belarusian national costume, complicated ornamental decorations.This applique and lace patterned weaving and embroidery, which are located on the sleeves, collar, apron and headpiece.
Fabrics
In earlier times, the Belarusian national costumes were sewn from fabrics woven from wool and flax and hemp and nettle.Due to this diversity as a starting material, a coarse cloth and the finest (for shirts).Often princes sewed costumes from overseas material.It was brought from the West and the East.The peasants wove cloth themselves.They stained it with the buds and bark of trees, roots, herbs and plants, berries and wildflowers.
Belarusian national costume has extraordinary stability of tradition.This is one of its major distinguishing characteristics.For many centuries, such clothing remains unchanged cut individual items, their form and some attributes are transmitted from generation to generation since pagan times.Hundreds of years remained unchanged, and the technology of manufacturing of fabrics.
male costume
The national dress of a strong half of humanity were:
- shirt with embroidery on the bottom and the collar;
- pants;
- vest;
- leggings (waist clothes).
Belarusian men's national costume for his cut of not extremely difficult.Linen shirt was sewn a tunic with a low stand-up collar and long sleeves.Pockets absent therein.Instead, there was a small leather bag worn over the shoulder.Shirt, which is always worn trousers, belts color belt.
Another part of the national men's suit trousers are Belarusians.For poor people, they sewed linen.Wealthy men wore over one more pants - silk.
important detail of the Belarusian national costume - braverka.This single-breasted jacket for men, sewn from homespun cloth.In front there is provided two overhead and the same number of slotted pockets.Back modeled scoring yoke and decorated with half-belt.
board and turn-down collar.Straight sleeve bottom plate often decorated with a button.In the late 19th - early 20th centuries.a jacket worn only minor nobles and wealthy farmers.
part of the Belarusian national costume served as a men's summer sleeveless.Its called kamizelkoy (from the word "coat").Schily a vest made of homespun cloth.
In winter Belarusians wearing sheepskin covers.Wealthy people trimmed their expensive cloth and decorated with appliques and embroidery.Richest preferred to wear fur coats.There was also outerwear, sewn from cloth.They called it differently: "Kirei" or "sensing", "epanche" or "burka".
Hats for men
This part of the national dress of varied type.Belarusians summer wore straw Bryl, and in winter - a fur hat ablavuhu.In the off-season from the cold saved magerka made of felted wool.Often, sewed hats homemade sheepskin.
Guys Belarusians often worn in winter weather ablavuhu.This hat with earflaps not only sewed sheepskin, but the hare and fox fur.On top of the ablavuhe was a dark cloth.Bottom to this headdress sewed four "ear."Two of them (front and rear) tied on top and side - under the chin.Since the second half of the 19th century.among Belarusians became widespread cap.So I called headpiece having lacquered visor.
Female suit
Unlike the men, the great variety of different clothes.Belarusian national women's suit could consist of different subjects.There are four main sets of such clothing.Among them:
- with an apron and a skirt;
- with an apron, skirt and garsetom (waistcoat);
- with a skirt that is sewed to the bodice, corset;
- with an apron, waistcoat and Panev.
Belarusian national costumes, which are a part of the first two sets, are known throughout the country.The rest were just in the north-eastern and eastern regions.
Female Belarusian national costume (photos are presented in the article) provided for wearing over a shirt ponevy.This part consists of three pieces of cloth sewn together.From above they were going to a cord, which is contracted under the belly or waist.Poneva could be swing (open on the side or front), as well as closed.The colors of this portion of the suit could have been different.Often ponevu decorated ornament.
In the women's national costume could attend shirt with yoke, with straight inserts on the shoulders or tunic.But here, not without embroideries.They certainly adorned the sleeves.
Great Belt and a variety of different clothing.It was a different skirt styles - Letnik, Sayan, Andarak or palatnyanik.To waist dress treated as aprons and Panev.
Skirts in the women's national costume sewed Belarus, as a rule, a material of red and blue-green colors that decorate the gray-white cell or transverse and longitudinal stripes.On aprons certainly sewed lace.They are decorated with embroidered pattern and pleats.Sleeveless or garsety have applications and lace.They attracted the attention of decorative stripes and embroidery.Garset was part of the festive clothing.He shilsya of brocade, velvet or printed cotton in various colors.Sleeveless have a straight leg to the waist, or have been extended, having wedges.
On cold winter women wore red or white Kozhushko.Sometimes they are warmed and wool rolls.However, the most popular among Belarusians enjoyed sheepskin cover.He had a straight leg and a big turn-down collar type.Bottom sleeves and hem trimmed strip of sheepskin, putting it in a way that wool was outside.
Hats for Women
This part of the national costume had an important ritual and social value.By headdress easily determine the age of the woman, her family and financial situation.It was used in many rituals and ceremonies.For example, at the wedding of the bride officially changed her maiden headdress on a female.
Unmarried Belarusians wearing colorful narrow ribbons and wreaths.The women had to hide their hair under a scarf or wimple.In wealthier families ladies wore hats made of thin expensive fabric, decorated with lace and embroidery of silver and gold threads.Poorer women had to settle for a cheap scarves fabrics with simple embroidery.However, a variety of ornament still be as rich.Clothing
urban residents
Fashion among the peasants are reasonably conservative.There Belarusians adhered to antiquated practices that help preserve national traditions for centuries.
As for the costumes of the townspeople, they had a great variety of styles and were made of different materials.It was the product of linen and wool, as well as from imported fabrics.
winter, the Belarusians, who lived in the city, went to the fur coats, fur coats or fur shoulder capes bear, goats or sheep.More affluent sections of society afforded the robe of beaver, wolf and fox skins.
ladies prefer to wear long dresses of European cut, shaped and fitted with narrow sleeves.Popular female ornaments are glass bracelets and rings.Most urban women wore kolts.It is hollow in the shape of a star or a circle, inside of which was placed a piece of cloth moistened with any aromatic oil.
Making national costume
Clothing Belarusians were usually white.To decorate an ornamental pattern she embroidered in red, creating the image of a single composition.Initially, all the drawings were only geometric.
then they have been included and vegetable items.Ornament necessarily present at the collar, sleeves, aprons and hats.The costumes are made with embroidery, lace and appliques.
Shirt
For many women to sew the Belarusian national costume with their hands in the cellar.Let's start with the description of the process shirt.For this element of tailoring costume rear and front panel of the shirt must be connected by means of rectangular inserts - Polycom.In the center is to form a rectangular neck.Further, it is collected in small folds and pull together so that the cut-covered neck.Then sewn into the neck stand-up collar of rectangular shape.Cut sinus, which is formed in the front, covered shirtfront.The next step in the armhole sleeve shirts sewed.At the top of them decorated with the help of decorative ribbed seam-roller.At the bottom of the sleeve is assembled and sewn cuff them.Next
shirt decorated with embroidery.It must be present at the cuffs and at the top of the sleeve, at Polycom, shirt front and collar.
Apron
This part of the Belarusian national costume sewn from one shelf.The decoration of the apron serves as embroidery, consisting of three horizontal strips, the width of which increases towards the bottom.At the top of the apron is collected in small folds and has a sewing belt.The lower edge of this subject costume is decorated with crochet lace.
skirt
When cutting of the belt-clothing uses two cloth.They are interconnected, collected in small folds at the top and sew belt.To skirt can take a linen or wool cloth of red, blue or green.This fabric can be plain, striped or checkered.
brightly embroidered shirt, fartushok and skirt - a Belarusian national costume for girls.For a boy it will consist of blouses with geometric designs on the edge of the sleeves, collar and trims, brown trousers sewn from fabric in small stripes and belts in the form of twisted cord.
