Any conversation - an exchange of views.The parties in this case are in equal positions.But the interview is called the exchange of views would not be entirely true, because it - getting information.Journalist seeks to get information, so the debate is often unacceptable.
in journalism types of interviews can be viewed in different ways.Americans have classified it like this:
- depending on the material that follows (information, personality and so on.);
- by type of organization (random, by convention, press conference);
- on the subject of the discussion (accident, politics, crime);
- the type of companion (star eyewitnesses, subtle, well-known);
- the social status (higher layers equal to the journalist, the lower strata);
- according to the method of communication (telephone, personal meeting).
We usually classified as types of interviews:
- interview protocol (purpose - to get the official explanation);
- information (purpose - to obtain from a competent person information on topical issues. This interview is close to normal conversation, where the answers can not be regarded as a statement of the interlocutor);
- an interview-portrait (the disclosure of the individual);
- an interview-discussion (identification of possible points of view);
- interview PROFILE (fixing the opinions of various people, but only on a question).
By degree of standardization of the interview is divided into types:
- strictly standardized;
- polustandartizirovannye;
- not standardized;
- mixed.
strictly standardized types of interviews are planned in advance.Drawn sharp questions, which adheres to a journalist without departing from either ordering or the wording.These questions can be directed to the other party in advance (for review and preparation for the answer).
Polustandartizirovannye types of interviews are similar to standardized (questions prepared in advance), but here the journalist has the right to change the questions or ask additional probing by adjusting to the respondent.
Interview free (non-standardized) do not provide for prepared questions.A journalist can make ("sketch") plan to turn the conversation and questions that need to be light.You can change the plan prepared in accordance with the course of the conversation.
There are also mixed the interview when you can not follow a clearly drawn up to this plan (for example, the absence of evidence to support the hypothesis).
types of interviews are separated and the nature of the information that is obtained.It can be:
- factual information;
- clarification of the facts or opinions of one person to another (or a problem);
- data for "portrait" of the individual respondent.
In addition, types of interviews depends on the respondent's relationship to the conversation.Some interviewees willing to cooperate with a journalist, the other - indifferent (do not go away from contact, but do not speak so willingly), and others - to resist and otherwise ignored communication.
It is important to uncover the reason for the interviewee acted in a certain way.A journalist should be able to strengthen and weaken motives favoring obstacles holding a conversation in the framework of pre-set themes.Method interview plays a significant role.
Types interview stage of the study is divided into:
- preliminary (pilot study);
- basic (collection of basic data);
- control (necessary in case of insufficient information or clarification received).
of the number of participants can be mass interviews, group, individual.
very interesting and original quiz (it is quick Giving answers to advance questions).Blitz surveys can be carried out en masse, individually, in person, online (virtual questions on the site).
