cucumber homeland is considered tropical and subtropical areas of India, where they grow in a totally wild for the past approximately six thousand years.Today cucumbers are grown in almost all countries.It is not known when and by whom they were brought to Russia, but since the 16th century, raw and pickled fruits were on the tables of rich people.At the moment, a great number of dishes can not even be imagined without this vegetable.
cucumbers in greenhouses
growing cucumbers in the greenhouse throughout the year - quite a profitable business.Under these conditions, it is possible to create the most optimal for high yields and relatively stable climate.Heated greenhouse will allow this culture to bear fruit year round, but autumn and winter harvest will be profitable, sometimes in excess of income from the summer months, several times.Growing cucumbers in the greenhouse throughout the year as the business is very profitable.The profitability of such enterprises high - it reaches 400-600%.
What is necessary for the cultivation of cucumbers in the greenhouse
order to grow cucumbers in the greenhouse in the winter and throughout the year, you must:
- create favorable conditions inside the greenhouse.Typically, they depend on the materials from which the data structures are made.
- Make the right choice of the most productive varieties of cucumbers.
- determine when it will be grown cucumbers, as it affects the choice of varieties.
- Run training ground and create all the necessary systems for greenhouses.
Greenhouses
How to grow cucumbers in the greenhouse all year round?First you need to properly make the greenhouse:
- It should have a coating that will reliably keep the heat inside the structure.
- Greenhouse must have frame support the weight of the coating.If cultivation of cucumbers scheduled for more than one year, it must also be durable, reliable and stable enough to weather conditions.
Construction of greenhouses can have a variety of shapes and sizes, different heights and materials of manufacture.
material for the production of greenhouses
Currently there are skeletons of greenhouses:
- metal;
- wood.
metal frame
Make it out of channels, shaped tubes or large diameter valves (depending on the coating material).
for reinforcing cage best option would be the use of a simple plastic film, which is commercially available in a large range.The properties she is not inferior to commonly used polycarbonate.
For framework of the pipes can be used absolutely any material to cover.The most common option is to use reinforced polyethylene film or polycarbonate.If you plan to
growing cucumbers in greenhouses year-round, it is best to use polycarbonate.With proper heating it is able to maintain a constant temperature inside.
Metal frames can be used up to 10 years or more.However, please note that due to irrigation inside the greenhouse increases humidity, and this has a negative impact on the metal.To protect the frame, it must be covered after the construction of paint or varnish.
wooden frame
It is less practical, because the wood has a lifetime much less than metal.Also, it is subject to weather and climatic influences.
After making such a framework necessarily paint, which helps protect the wood from harmful influences and to significantly increase its service life.
main advantage of the wooden frame - its environmental friendliness.In addition, it is durable and reliable
and metal and wooden frame can be done in-house.If a greenhouse is large, it will be better for the strength of the pre-fill for her small base.The cost of a wooden frame less than the metal, which increases the demand on these designs.
to cover the wooden frame used:
- film a different kind;
- polycarbonate;
- glass.
with cellular polycarbonate or glass cover can be grown cucumbers in the greenhouse in the winter and all year.
Selecting varieties
growing cucumbers in greenhouses year round begins with the proper selection of seeds.There are a lot of both conventional and hybrid varieties that bear fruit well in greenhouses.
to carry out the cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses year round, selected seed varieties that are:
- freely tolerate temperature fluctuations and are frost;
- characterized by frequent fruiting;
- resistant to diseases;
- taste is not bitter;
- do not need special care.
most popular varieties for greenhouses today considered:
- «Cartoon" - fruiting begins 40 days after planting.
- «Courage" - bear fruit after 45 days of planting.Cucumber is quite long.
- «Barcelona» - is maturing varieties of cucumbers.Its most often used in the greenhouse industry.
- «Bobrik" - has a high resistance to low temperature effects.Used to grow in the winter time.
- «Shchedryk" - precocious and productive variety.It is used at different times of the year.
- «Matrix" - refers to the most popular varieties.Sam cucumber is not very long, has good resistance to disease.
also the best hybrid cucumber varieties include "Emelya", "Annushka", "Dynamite" and "Hercules."
recommended to buy seeds F1, whose best performance.Removing infected and "empty" seeds can be done with water and a weak solution of potassium permanganate.Seeds are filled with a solution of 1 g per 150 ml of potassium permanganate water.This will kill the pathogens.Then the seeds are washed with clean water ("empty" float).This is done directly before the planting of seeds.
soils for growing cucumbers
Before you start growing cucumbers in the greenhouse throughout the year (see photo below), you need to prepare the ground for this.His fertilized and purified from various plants, may have a negative effect on the development of the root system of cucumbers.
To prevent drying out of the soil and allow the root system to develop freely, it adds sawdust.To use a fertilizer minerals.To enhance the growth of cucumbers is recommended to use ammonium nitrate, but only if the greenhouse business scale.
growing cucumbers in greenhouses year round
applied two methods of planting cucumbers:
- finished seedlings that can be grown directly in the greenhouse (in the creation of all conditions) and at home;
- seeds.
For planting, you must have:
- peat cups or other small containers, such as plastic bottles with a small displacement;
- pre-fertilized soil;
- decontaminated in a solution of potassium permanganate and soaked in liquid for several hours seeds.
seeds for seedlings are placed in a nutrient substrate.When creating favorable conditions seeds germinate in four to five days.Fertilizing seedlings is carried out when the first of its leaf and a few days before transplanting in the greenhouse soil.
transplanting seedlings can be performed when the bush will be two-three leaves (approximately 20-25 days).During this period, daily air temperature inside the greenhouse should not be above 18 degrees and the night - 15. In addition, the need to monitor the power, irrigation and lighting seedlings.Watering seedlings do better with warm water.On a cloudy day, you need to include additional lighting.
sometimes happens that the seeds or seedlings are not accepted.The emergence of new leaves and the beginning of flowering will testify that its root system in the soil feels comfortable enough.
Planting seedlings
growing cucumbers in greenhouses year round can not do without improvised garden tools, such as:
- Chopper;
- small shovel;
- rakes, etc.
Running number of works carried out in the following order:
- First of all, with the help of the tool determines the location of each of the rows of planting and produce special trench or individual wells.
- distance between the cucumbers are doing, depending on the variety.Some varieties of hybrids for normal development requires a lot of space.The most optimum distance between the bushes cucumber - 30-50 cm.
- Near each of the bushes seedlings inserted into the ground metal rod or wooden stick.Seedlings sprouting at least tie up to them.
transplanting is carried out so that the root system is in the ground, which has grown.It is transplanted together with a lump of soil, peat located in the cup or any other container.
when the first watering seedlings
After planting, water the soil in the greenhouse seedlings can only be a few days, since it must acclimate in a greenhouse.Preference is better to drip irrigation, which is able to accommodate the root system of the necessary amount of moisture and significantly save costs of finance as refers to the economy.Fertilizing seedlings perform after it a good omen.
growing cucumbers in the greenhouse throughout the year: yields
productivity of a cucumber in modern greenhouse is about 30-45 kg per square meter, which is a good indicator, since the crop can be harvested several times a year.
